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In-Process Sanitation or Foreign Material Control

In-Process Sanitation or Foreign Material Control. Magnets. Iron and non-iron materials-minute amounts Mechanical failure Metal contaminants can be injurious (Section 402 a(1)) All food products should be free of metal filings Prevent ignition by sparking

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In-Process Sanitation or Foreign Material Control

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  1. In-Process Sanitation or Foreign Material Control

  2. Magnets • Iron and non-iron materials-minute amounts • Mechanical failure • Metal contaminants can be injurious (Section 402 a(1)) • All food products should be free of metal filings • Prevent ignition by sparking • Protect expensive equipment from metal damage • Location, selection, installation, inspection, cleaning, and maintenance are critical

  3. Magnet location • 4 locations • Incoming ingredient point • Equipment protection • After equipment that cause contamination • At the packaging point

  4. Incoming ingredient point • Install on all bulk-handling systems, except those with iron enrichment-low gradient magnets • For nuts and bolts • For pneumatic systems magnets should be placed just before placing ingredients in bins-prevents cross contamination • They may also be placed after the bins-1 magnet/bin • For mechanical unloading systems using belt, screw, drag chain conveyers, magnet should be placed in the spout feeding the bucket elevator

  5. Incoming ingredients (containerized) • At dump stations where containerized ingredients are introduced • Should be placed where the feed is regulated and not at the site where it is dumped

  6. Equipment protection • Placed ahead of equipment that may be damaged • Examples: cutting knives. Extruding dies, rolls, and grinders • Placed ahead of screening and scalping equipment to prevent screen damage • Ahead of equipment containing, explosive dusty atmospheres

  7. Equipment contamination detection • Equipment could contribute to metal fragments through wear and tear. • Examples: screw conveyors • Magnets should be placed after the equipment • Protect products down stream.

  8. Packaging point • Just before it is placed in the final package • Magnets plus metal detectors are both needed • Improved product safety

  9. Magnet selection • Principles, types, factors affecting efficiency, and where they should be located • Three types: • Alnico (aluminum-nickel-cobalt) • Ceramic (barium ferrite) • Rare earth (neodymium-boron-iron)** • **Strongest of all three types

  10. Inspection and cleaning • There are several types of magnets suited for different purposes • All magnets should be cleaned on a regular basis • Masking tape to clean fine material from magnets • Record types of contaminants found

  11. Metal Detectors (MD) • Metal contamination and prevention is assured by magnets and metal detectors • Magnets: Ferrous materials • Metal detectors: all metals • MD often used to detect metal in packaged foods • Can be used for product streams

  12. MD work on electromagnetic principles • Detect metals in moving, nonmetallic products • They have a search head and a control unit • Voltage increases for ferrous and decreases for nonferrous metals • Sound alarm or automatic product rejection • Rejection systems

  13. Scalping and Sifting • Associated with grading and classifying • For bulk or containerzied ingredients • Used for cleaning raw ingredients • Random sampling of incoming product a must • Good for insect control – 30 mesh screen (0.016 inch opening). 10XX for egg removal (0.0053 inch opening) • Two types of insect removal

  14. Foreign material (FM) removal • FM of same shape and size as food product is difficult to remove • String, paper, plastic, and wood • Generally, foreign material passes over the screen • Several screens may be used for more efficient FM removal • Make sure that scalpers mesh does not contaminate the product use zinc plated or series 400 stainless steel wire, silk screens, nylon screens • Understand influence of high temperature on screen integrity

  15. Aspirators • Remove insects, weed seeds, and other contaminants from a variety of grains • Single pass and multiple pass aspirators are common • 90-99.6% efficiency • Based on terminal velocity of a falling object • Rate of fall is affected by air resistance • If velocity of resisting air is same as terminal velocity the object will float

  16. Questions • Why are magnets and metal detectors important in the food industry? • List 4 locations where magnets are typically used in a food plant. • Scalping and sifting removes what types of materials? • What is the principle involved in aspiration?

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