TOPIC: MY GOAL: INTRO:

2. TOPIC: MY GOAL: INTRO: WED May 19, 2009 UNIT 6 Ecology! I will… understand the importance of Ecosystems Have your Notebook open to the Unit 10 ‘KIM’ chart – page 72-73 I am going to REVIEW before your move on to finishing Mini-Packet #1 or working in Packet #2.

3. Today • Short CNN clip on getting involved • REVIEW Mini-Packet #1 • Refer to KIM Chart for Review over the next few slides! • Finish Packet #1 – Begin Packet #2 on Communities http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2010/04/17/iyw.danson.ocean.cnn

4. All Affect Population Size! Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors = Limiting Factors • The NonLiving components of the environment • Include nonliving things that affect an organism. • Examples are temperature, sunlight, pH, water, topography... They limit the kinds of organisms that live in an environment.       • The Living components of the environment • Include all the living things that affect an organism. • Examples are Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers

5. Food Chain vs. Food Web FOOD CHAIN • Both START with ?? PRODUCERS.. who get energy from the SUN!!! FOOD WEB • The arrows indicate?? Transfer of energy • ??% of energy is avail. at next level? 10%

6. More Food Webs… • Many food chains… • Made up of trophic levels…. • Includes producers – consumers - decomposers = bacteria, fungi – are also heterotrophs = autotrophs; plants, algae = heterotrophs; mostly animals

7. Trophic Levels & Energy • Energy is Lost or Used as it flows • Producers absorb energy from sun  only ½ the energy from Sun becomes part of plants body  The other ½ is used for living & growing or lost as HEAT. • At each level, only10% of the energy consumed is available to the next….. • Because energy diminishes at each successive Trophic Level, few ecosystems can contain more than 4 or 5 Trophic Levels. • Organisms at Higher Trophic Levels, large carnivores, tend to be fewer in number than those at lower Trophic Levels, producers. 3 kcal 30 kcal 300 kcal 3000 kcal

8. Trophic Level Pyramid • Put these in the correct order on the pyramid • Hawk • Grass • Snake • Grasshopper • Frog • Label each organism above as either a/an: • Producer • Autotroph • Heterotroph • Primary consumer • Secondary consumer • 3rd order consumer • 4th order consumer • What two things are missing? HAWK top carnivore 4th CONSUMER HETEROTROPH SNAKE carnivore 3rd CONSUMER HETEROTROPH FROG carnivore 2NDARY CONSUMER HETEROTROPH GRASSHOPPER herbivore PRIMARY CONSUMER The Sun … Decomposers… HETEROTROPH GRASS PRODUCER AUTOTROPH

9. Secondary Consumers (owls, foxes, etc) Primary Consumers (mice, deer, etc) Producers(plants) How Living Things Interact with Their Environment • In an ecosystem, only 10% of the energy from one trophic level is available to the next level. Depending on the level of consumer eaten, humans can be placed in different levels. Which of the following situations would provide the greatest amount of energy to humans? • Eating producers • Eating primary consumers • Eating secondary consumers • Eating tertiary consumers Low energy High energy

10. Trends in Trophic Level Diagrams • What do you notice about the numbers of organisms from bottom to top? Explain this. • How does the size of the organism change as you move through the levels? • What level in an energy pyramid is held by the producers? • Where is there more ‘biomass’ in a trophic pyramid? • What organism in the pyramid above has the greatest energy needs? Get fewer 5 4 3 2 1 more energy needs gets larger 1 1 hawk

11. SUCCESSION CLIMAX COMMUNITY: stable Look at the levels of growth – one gets taller than the previous  is orderly & natural! • SECONDARY SUCCESSION • PRIMARY SUCCESSION PIONEER SPECIES: first org.; unstable

12. History: Surtsey, Iceland: The Newest Place on Earth….Succession in real life • Named after Surtur, the fire  possessing giant of Norse mythology who would set fire to the earth at the  Last Judgment. • First seen as an underwater eruption by fisherman in 1963. • The lava flowed for 31/2 years • 1st organism was a fly. • 1st bird to lay eggs was a goose in 2002 Moss Lichens

13. BioGeoChemical Cycles • BIO:Biology. Life. Living things. • Bio = Life; These cycles all play a role in the lives of living things. The cycles might limit the organisms of Earth or they might happen along side, changing the environment. • GEO:Earth. Rocks. Land. • This refers to the non-living processes at work. Oxygen cycles through many systems. It's in you and plants for the 'bio' part of the cycle. Oxygen might also wind up in rocks… which is the 'geo' part of its cycle. • CHEMICAL:Molecules. Reactions. Atoms. • All cycles include these small pathways. Complete molecules are not always passed from one point to the next. Sometimes chemical reactions take place that changes the molecules and locations of the atoms. • To sum it up, • These pathways are all made of different biological, geological, & chemical processes that help make the world go 'round (cycle matter & energy) & life exist on Earth…. EXAMPLES: Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle

14. Continue working on Ecosystems MiniPacket #1 Chapter 16, MANATEE Book Begin working on Communities • MiniPacket #2 • Chapter 17, MANATEE Book

15. Write this in your planner NOW HOMEWORK: • 1st HW assignment… • STUDY YOUR MiniPackets!