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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Managing Risk with the IPDE Process. The Driving Task. The driving task is a seeing, thinking, and responding process. Two systems to organize driving. Smith System. IPDE Process. Smith System. * Aim high in steering. * Keep your eyes moving. * Get the big picture.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process

  2. The Driving Task The driving task is a seeing, thinking, and responding process.

  3. Two systems to organize driving Smith System IPDE Process

  4. Smith System * Aim high in steering * Keep your eyes moving * Get the big picture * Make sure other see you * Leave yourself an “out”

  5. Aim high in steering • Look down the road, not over the hood. • Look at least 12 seconds into your target area. good scan-08 + 15/bad scan 09

  6. Keep your eyes moving • By moving your eyes, you will not stare. • Look near, far, side to side, mirrors, and at your speed. • Use a scanning process good scan-12

  7. Get the big picture • Putting together all the critical clues you have selected. • It is the result of keeping your eyes moving and aim high in steering.

  8. Make sure other see you • Communicate with other drivers. • Use: horn, hand signals, lights,eye contact, etc…

  9. Leave yourself an "out" • Space cushion-the area around your car used to avoid a hazard. YOU

  10. Leave yourself an "out" (cont.) • 4 zones around your car. • Front-3 seconds • Rear-3 seconds • Left-open • Right-open

  11. IPDE Process Identify Predict Decide Execute

  12. IDENTIFY • Identify a hazard. • A hazard is anything that • makes you change your • speed or direction.

  13. Hazards fall into 4 critical areas -Signs, signals, and lane markings S H O P -Highway conditions -Other traffic -Pets and pedestrians

  14. Using your eyes effectively Field of vision • The area you can see while looking straight ahead. • (180 degrees) • Central vision-center vision • Peripheral vision-side vision

  15. Central vs. Peripheral Vision Peripheral Central

  16. Using your eyes effectively Orderly visual search pattern A process of searching critical areas in a regular sequence.

  17. Using your eyes effectively Scanning Glancing continually and quickly with brief eye fixations through your orderly visual search pattern.

  18. Using your eyes effectively (cont.) Selective seeing Seeing what is important to the driving task.

  19. Using your eyes effectively (cont.) Sight distance The distance you can see before your vision is blocked. good--11/bad-12

  20. Using your eyes effectively (cont.) Depth perception The ability to judge distance between two objects

  21. PREDICT • Always predict the worst • Never assume

  22. DECIDE • Decide the best course of • action to avoid a hazard.

  23. DECIDE • 4 actions you may use to avoid • hazards. • Speed up • Slow down/stop • Steer left • Steer right • *combination

  24. EXECUTE • Execute your decision to • avoid the hazard.

  25. Safe Path of Travel Visibility Space Traction Traffic flow

  26. 3 Techniques used to maintain a safe path of travel Separate hazards Compromise hazards Minimize hazards

  27. Technique 1 Separate When you have two or more hazards at least one is moving. This technique allows you to handle one hazard at a time. 2+ hazards, 1 moving. Handle 1 at a time

  28. Separate H1 YOU H2

  29. Technique 2 Compromise When you have two or more hazards, none of which are moving,you give equal space to equal hazards and greater space to the greater hazard. 2+hazards, 0 moving, = space to = hazards, more space To greater hazard.

  30. Compromise H2 YOU H1

  31. Technique 3 Minimize When you have only one hazard, you put as much space between you and that hazard as you can. 1 hazard, put as Much space between you and hazard

  32. Minimize

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