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Interteam Relations Cooperation & Competition. Chapter 11. Identity. Personal identity partially defined by what groups we belong to What groups do for us: Boost self-esteem & self-efficacy Sense of reassurance Sense of security or protection from threats
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Interteam RelationsCooperation & Competition Chapter 11
Identity • Personal identity partially defined bywhat groupswe belong to What groups do for us: • Boost self-esteem & self-efficacy • Sense of reassurance • Sense of security or protection from threats • Fulfill needs for power or affiliation.
Determinants of Team IdentityTeam Members Must… • Have respect for one another • View themselves as interdependent • Individualistic vs. collectivist cultures • Shift interests from personal to group • Perceive themselves as in-group members • Find a balance between personal (distinct, separate) identity & social identity • Our identity needs wax & wane • What happens if we don’t feel unique?
Interteam Relationships • Social Comparison • When comparison team outperforming your team… • When comparison team’s performance suffering…
Interteam Relationships • Mergers & Acquisitions • Threaten our team’s (pre-merger) identity • Team boundaries change • When low status group merges with high status group…. • In-group leaders are favored. Why?
Interteam Relationships • Intergroup Conflict Realistic conflict • Competition over resources Symbolic conflict • Fundamental differences in values & beliefs Often we are torn between cooperation & competition.
Interteam Relationships • Extemist Views • Teams exaggerate the level of conflict with opposing teams • Teams assume differences are greater than they are • Conflict is more illusion than reality • Teams with more power & status are more extreme. How to resolve this problem?
Advantages of Intergroup Conflict • Increased cohesion within group • Outside threat reinforces social identity • Reminds members of similarities • Brings out minority viewpoint • Stimulates functional conflict • Benefits… Do groups tolerate disagreement (different viewpoints) from in-group or out-group members more? Why?
Biases with Intergroup Conflict • Categorization into “us” versus “them” • Stereotyping • “We are better than them” • Racial discrimination • “They all look alike” • Clones (interchangeable, faceless) • No individual identities • Homogeneity bias • Why do we do this?
How to Reduce Negative Intergroup Effects? • Face-to-face contact (Contact Hypothesis) • Organizational integration policies • Need frequency & duration (need self-disclosure, why?) • Equal status • Superordinate (shared) goal • Establish friendships between groups • Cross-cut role assignments • Understand others’ perspectives.