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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Independent Study Assignment -Answer Key-. Transcription… is the synthesis of RNA from DNA DNA coding segment acts as template for assembling RNA nucleotides (mRNA) Prokaryotic = cytoplasm Eukaryotic = nucleus. Translation… is the actual synthesis of a polypeptide

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis Independent Study Assignment -Answer Key-

  2. Transcription… is the synthesis of RNA from DNA DNA coding segment acts as template for assembling RNA nucleotides (mRNA) Prokaryotic = cytoplasm Eukaryotic = nucleus Translation… is the actual synthesis of a polypeptide Cell translates mRNA base sequence into amino acid sequence of a polypeptide Sites of translation = ribosomes Prokaryotic = cytoplasm Eukaryotic = cytoplasm Distinguish between transcription and translation

  3. The roles of transcription & translation in the flow of genetic information…

  4. 2) Explain what a codon is… • Codons are non-overlapping mRNA base triplets. • During translation, the sequence of codons along an mRNA molecule is decoded (translated) into a sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.

  5. For clarity…Antiparallel strands of DNA • DNA and RNA are always synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction (read 5 prime to 3 prime) • Why do we call one end 5’ and the other 3’?

  6. The dictionary of the genetic code… • 3 of the 64 codons function as “stop” signals • There is redundancy but no ambiguity (ex: GAA and GAG)

  7. 4) Explain the role of RNA polymerase • is an enzyme that pries the two strands of DNA apart & hooks together the RNA nucleotides as they base-pair along the DNA template. • QuickTime movie

  8. RNA processing

  9. Introns (intervening sequences) are non-coding segments that lie between coding regions. The RNA transcript gets cut by snRNPs and spliceosomes excising the introns and leaving the exons. • Exons (expressed) are eventually translated into amino acid sequences (except for what 2 parts?)

  10. mRNA carries a genetic message in a series of codons from a coding segment of DNA to the cytoplasm specifies ordering of amino acids into polypeptide chain by sliding through a ribosome tRNA acts as the “interpreter” transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm’s amino acid pool to a ribosome like a “flashcard” with a nucleic acid word (anticodon) on one side and a protein word (amino acid) on the other side Differences in functions of mRNA and tRNA

  11. The basic concept of translation • QuickTime movie

  12. Initiation of translation…

  13. 3 key sites on the ribosome… • A site (aminoacyl-tRNA binding site) holds the tRNA carrying the next amio acid to be added to the polypeptide chain. • P site (peptidyl-tRNA binding site) holds the tRNA attached to the growing polypeptide • E site (exit site) is where tRNA gets discharged.

  14. The elongation cycle of translation

  15. Termination of translation

  16. Categories & consequences of point mutations

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