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Understanding KaZaA

Understanding KaZaA. Jian Liang Rakesh Kumar Keith Ross Polytechnic University Brooklyn, N.Y. KaZaA/FastTrack Operation. Top file sharing system 3 million active nodes four clients: KaZaA, KaZaA-lite, Grokster and iMesh Good availability and scalability

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Understanding KaZaA

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  1. Understanding KaZaA Jian Liang Rakesh Kumar Keith Ross Polytechnic University Brooklyn, N.Y.

  2. KaZaA/FastTrack Operation • Top file sharing system • 3 million active nodes • four clients: KaZaA, KaZaA-lite, Grokster and iMesh • Good availability and scalability • Proprietary protocol; signaling traffic encrypted • in contrast with Gnutella and e-mule

  3. Purpose of Measurement Study • Try to understand highly successful file-sharing system • Overlay topology and dynamics • Peer selection • Index management • Utilize the KaZaA as a test-bed for further research. • Content pollution research (another paper)

  4. Existing Tools and Projects • FastTrack encryption algorithm • available from a Web site: http://gift-fasttrack.berlios.de/ • KaZaA Media Desktop (KMD) software architecture • http://kazaasearch.narod.ru/

  5. Big Picture of Overlay • Two layer hierarchy • Ordinary Node (ON) • Super Node (SN)

  6. Measurement Apparatus • KaZaA Sniffing Platform • KaZaA Probing Tool

  7. KaZaA Sniffing Platform • Poly (Ethernet) • Home (cable modem)

  8. KaZaA Probing Tool • Campus & home based probing • Node list • Workload

  9. Signaling Protocol ON-SN session initial SN-SN session initial

  10. TCP Connections Evolution Poly campus 4 – 6 hour measurement Cable modem 7-11 hour measurement

  11. SN Workload 7 - 11 hours TCP connections evolution 7 - 11 hours workload values evolution

  12. Signaling Sessions Lifetime

  13. Peer Selection: Node List IP Prefix Match

  14. Peer Selection: Workload & RTT

  15. Index Management: Sharing Content

  16. Port Dynamic and NAT • 19,637 unique SN addresses collected • Found only 707 SNs (3.6%) use the default 1214 port number. • 18,887 SNs (96.3%) use non-default port numbers. • Of total unique 64834 peers (SN + ON), 21269 peers (ON) use private IP.

  17. Summary of Results • 20,000 ~ 40,000 active super nodes • Each SN connects to approx. 0.1% of other SNs • Highly dynamic connections: over 35% SN-SN durations are less than 30 sec.

  18. Summary of results • Peer selection uses IP prefix match, workload, RTT and freshness • No index exchange between SNs but query forwarding • Skewed content distribution: 20% peers provide 70% metadata for sharing.

  19. Design Principles forUnstructured P2P Overlays • Distributed design • No infrastructure • Avoiding legal attacks. • Exploit heterogeneity • Hierarchy • Self organization • Load balancing - workload balancing. • Explicit locality awareness • Shuffle connections in core overlay

  20. Design Principles forUnstructured P2P Overlays • Properly designed gossip mechanisms • peers have a fresh list of SNs • Firewall circumvention • dynamic port numbers • improves availability • NAT circumvention

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