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Early Rome

Early Rome. From the founding to the republic. The Founding. Aeneas – The Aeneid by Virgil, Trojan War around 1220 BC Romulus and Remus – twin sons of Rhea Silvia and Mars Rome founded around 750 BC on Palatine Hill 7 kings spanned the next 200 years, ending in 510 BC

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Early Rome

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  1. Early Rome From the founding to the republic

  2. The Founding • Aeneas – The Aeneidby Virgil, Trojan War around 1220 BC • Romulus and Remus – twin sons of Rhea Silvia and Mars • Rome founded around 750 BC on Palatine Hill • 7kings spanned the next 200 years, ending in 510 BC • Etruscans predated Rome on Italian peninsula • Rome was under Etruscan rule

  3. Romulus and Remus suckled by she-wolf

  4. Early Roman Republic • Rome rebelled against Etruscan rule • Consuls • The Latin League • Cincinnatus • Oath of the Horatii • The Twelve Tables • Appian Way built • Greek general Pyrrhus • Rome finally conquered peninsula in 276 BC

  5. First Punic War 264-241 BC • Carthage were Phoenicians (enemies of Greece) • Hiero, king of Messana, chooses Roman rule over Carthage • Rome builds up navy • Ends up stalemate but Rome now a Mediterranean power, wins Sicily

  6. Carthaginian Empire

  7. Second Punic War 218-201 BC • HamilcarBarca took Spain, Rome took Corsica • Taught his son Hannibal to hate Rome • Barca died, Hannibal took a faraway Roman City in Spain (Sarguntum) • Left his brother Hasdrubal to guard • Took elephants across Pyrenees to invade Rome from north

  8. Hannibal’s route

  9. Hannibal in Italian peninsula • Hannibal recruited Gauls on the way • Had 30,000 men when he met Romans • Won at Trebia, Lake Tresimene • Cannae was decisive victory, Hannibal outnumbered 2 to 1 • Terrorized southern Italy, survived 15 years • Carthage would not send reinforcements • Hannibal asked Hasdrubal for help • Hasdrubal killed en route, Hannibal mired

  10. Scipio Africanus • While Hannibal in Italy, Scipio invades North Africa • Hannibal recalled to Carthage • Battle of Zama 202 BC – Scipio defeats Hannibal • Harsh terms of surrender • Cato’s words: “Carthage must be destroyed.” • Carthage still trading power • Hannibal fled to Greece and Asia Minor

  11. Third Punic War 149–146 BC • Carthage broke Rome’s sand line • Invaded Numidia in 149 BC • Rome sent Scipio Africanus again • Carthage held out for 3 years • All citizens killed or sold into slavery • Land salted • 100 BC – Julius Caesar born

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