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Early Rome

Early Rome. From Monarchy to Republic 753-509 BC. Rome’s Foundation. Fratricide Immigration Criminal Elements. Lecture Outline 1/15. Discussion of Monarchy (Part I) Short Break (around 6 pm) Gladiator Graffiti (Part II) Beginning of Republic (Part III). Titus Livius. Roman historian

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Early Rome

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  1. Early Rome From Monarchy to Republic 753-509 BC

  2. Rome’s Foundation • Fratricide • Immigration • Criminal Elements

  3. Lecture Outline 1/15 • Discussion of Monarchy (Part I) • Short Break (around 6 pm) • Gladiator Graffiti (Part II) • Beginning of Republic (Part III)

  4. Titus Livius • Roman historian • c.59 BC-AD 17 • Wrote about the history of Rome from its foundation to 9 BC • 142 Books, 35 are still in existence

  5. Explain history by looking at the characters of people involved (p.34) “I invite the reader’s attention to . . .” Who were the men? How does the moral decline occur? Learn from lessons of the past “The study of history is the best medicine for a sick mind” “fine things to take as models, base things, rotten through and through, to avoid” Livy’s Methodology

  6. Survival of the state over individual needs Whether Mars is the divine parent or not (p.33), Livy encourages his reader to see how this “adds dignity to the past.” Rome’s success dependent on divine favor Gives you two different versions of Remus death Can’t tell what really happened, so don’t judge it Look at Romulus’ record as king Romulus: Small Town Criminal or City Father?

  7. Rape of the Sabine Women • Romulus offers asylum to former male slaves, robbers and runaways • How to populate the city? • Seek women who can be married

  8. Roman Men Want Classy Women • Suggestion comes to take slave women and offer them asylum • Not acceptable to Roman men • “the young Romans naturally resented this” (p.43)

  9. Community Action • Young men of Rome abduct Sabine women • Deception is ok if you are responding to an injustice • Need respectable women to marry

  10. War Breaks Out • Strong military action, followed by religious action • Dedication of Rome’s first temple • Result:growth of the city

  11. How the Women Saved the City • “We would rather die ourselves than be widowed or orphaned.” (p.48) • “Thus the population of Rome was doubled.”

  12. Story of Tarpeia • Daughter of a Roman commander • Bribed by king of Sabines, Tatius • Promises her “what they wear on their arms” • Puts individual needs before the needs of the state

  13. The Capitoline • Sabines are able to temporarily take the citadel • With the help of the Sabine women, Rome is saved • Put state before individuals

  14. Romulus • What were Romulus’ intentions? • Did he act on behalf of the city? • What was the outcome of his actions?

  15. The Kings of Rome

  16. Lucretia • How do the actions of Collatinus when he is with his soldier friends affect Lucretia? • “Never shall Lucretia provide a precedent for unchaste women to escape what they deserve.”

  17. Other Men’s Wives • Collatinus and the other soldiers visit other men’s homes • They find the wives “enjoying themselves with a group of young friends at a dinner party, thegreatestluxury.” (p.98)

  18. The Roman Republic Begins . . . • Lucretia is the ultimate human sacrifice • Life is out of balance in the monarchy • Boundaries between public and private are transgressed • Sacrifice becomes the national spectacle which unites the community

  19. How did this king’s regime begin and end? • Tullia rides out into the public assembly after Servius Tullius’ death • Then Tullia hails Tarquin as king in public • Tarquin’s reign ends when he enters a private house and violates the modest wife within

  20. The formation of the Republic • Libertas = freedom • Rome has laws, the senate, and its first temples • Brought to you by Romulus

  21. Political Changes • Romans feared that the lower strata of society would take control • Livy cautions that political change must take place when the time is right • Community needs to grow first (p. 105)

  22. The Plebeians • Lower strata of Roman society • Can fight in wars with wealthy privileged Romans,but have very little say in the government • Rebel in 494 (pp.140-2

  23. The Patricians • Descendents of 100 senators Romulus picked • Religious officials • Set laws

  24. Cincinnatus • Exemplum virtutis = example of virtue • Knew when to rule and when to go back to being an ordinary citizen • Interdependence between family and Roman state

  25. Cincinnatus • His farm is set off from the city center • A ship must take him to the public part of the city • He puts his feelings for the state ahead of his paternal instincts

  26. Mucius Scaevola • Burns off his hand • Declaration of Roman citizenship • Rejects private life for his civic identity

  27. Cloelia • Hostage held by Roman enemy • Escapes heroically • Returns to free other hostages • Romans honor her with statue

  28. Horatius • Kills his sister • Is put on trial for treason • Acquited when his father pleads for him

  29. Exemplary Lessons • There are moral difficulties in establishing community • Rome’s greatness is renewed by these figures • Impact of person on the state is the measure of moral character

  30. The Republic is always on the edge of a knife The Bourne Ultimatum

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