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PHYTOPLANKTON

PHYTOPLANKTON. Diversity of Algae in the Plankton. All are free-floating All capture light energy by oxygenic photosynthesis All use a suite of photosynthetic pigments that includes Chlorophyll a. Major Groups of Freshwater Phytoplankters. Blue-Green Algae- Cyanobacteria

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PHYTOPLANKTON

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  1. PHYTOPLANKTON Diversity of Algae in the Plankton

  2. All are free-floating • All capture light energy by oxygenic photosynthesis • All use a suite of photosynthetic pigments that includes Chlorophyll a.

  3. Major Groups of Freshwater Phytoplankters • Blue-Green Algae- Cyanobacteria • Green Algae- Chlorophyta • Yellow-Green Algae- Xanthophyta • Golden-Brown Algae- Chrysophyta • Diatoms- Bacillariophyta • Haptomonads- Haptophyta • Cryptomonads- Cryptophyta • Dinoflagellates- Pyrrhophyta • Euglenoids- Euglenophyta

  4. 1. Blue-Green Algae=CYANOBACTERIA • Chlorophyll a • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls • Billiproteins • No flagella • Photosynthate stored as cyanophycin

  5. Filamentous Cyanobacteria • Heterocystic Filaments • Anabaena • Aphanizomenon

  6. Filamentous Cyanobacteria • No Cellular Differentiation • Oscillatoria • Planktothrix

  7. Colonial Cyanobacteria • Microcystis • Gloeocapsa

  8. 2. Green Algae=CHLOROPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and b • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls • Paired, anteriorly-directed flagella • Photosynthate stored as starch

  9. Volvocines • Volvox • Pandorina • Chlamydomonas

  10. Chlorococcalian Greens • Scenedesmus • Pediastrum • Ankistrodesmus • Oocystis

  11. Desmids Micrasterias Cosmarium Closterium

  12. 3. Yellow-Green Algae=XANTHOPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and c • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) • Anteriorly-directed tinsel and posteriorly-directed whiplash flagella • Photosynthate stored as oil • Eyespot within the chloroplast

  13. Xanthophytes • Ophiocytium • Tribonema

  14. 4. Golden-Brown Algae=CHRYSOPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and c • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) • Anteriorly-directed tinsel and posteriorly-directed whiplash flagella • Photosynthate stored as chrysolaminarin and fat • Eyespot (if present) within the chloroplast • Walls often made of silica scales

  15. Chrysophytes • Dinobryon • Synura • Mallomonas

  16. 5. Diatoms=BACILLARIOPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and c • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) • Flagella only in sperm of centrics • Photosynthate stored as oil or chrysolaminarin • Walls (called frustules) made of silica

  17. Centric Diatoms • Cyclotella • Melosira

  18. Pennate Diatoms • Fragilaria • Synedra • Navicula • Asterionella

  19. 6. Haptomonads=HAPTOPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and c • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) • Paired anteriorly-directed flagella and a haptonema • Photosynthate stored as starch

  20. Chrysochromulina

  21. 7. Cryptomonads=CRYPTOPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and c • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) • Paired anteriorly-directed flagella • Billiproteins • Photosynthate stored as starch

  22. Cryptomonas

  23. 8. Dinoflagellates=PYRRHOPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and c • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls (dominant pigments) • Posteriorly-directed whiplash and ribbon flagellum around middle of cell. • Photosynthate stored as starch and oil

  24. Dinoflagellates • Gymnodinium • Cystodinium • Peridinium • Ceratium

  25. 9. Euglenoids=EUGLENOPHYTA • Chlorophylls a and c • Β Carotene • Xanthophylls • Anteriorly-directed tinsel flagellum with paraflagellar rod (some with emergent recurrent flagellum) • Photosynthate stored as leucosin

  26. Euglenoids • Euglena • Phacus • Trachelomonas

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