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Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton. most of the primary production in the oceans is created by phytoplankton plankton = any living thing that cannot control its own horizontal ( ) movement phytoplankton = plant plankton (phyto = plant) zooplankton = animal plankton. Types of Phytoplankton.

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Phytoplankton

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  1. Phytoplankton • most of the primary production in the oceans is created by phytoplankton • plankton = any living thing that cannot control its own horizontal ( ) movement • phytoplankton = plant plankton (phyto = plant) • zooplankton = animal plankton

  2. Types of Phytoplankton • Chrysophyta = Diatoms • “golden plants” • the most numerous of phytoplankton • Pyrrophyta = Dinoflagellates “fire plants”

  3. Top view Side view Centric Pennate Pen = “feather” Diatom Shapes

  4. Diatom Chains

  5. Skeleton of Diatoms The frustule or shell of the diatom is made of silica. What else is made from silica? Why does it benefit the diatom to have a shell made of silica? Silica is only in a usable form in cold water.

  6. Diatom Reproduction Epitheca Hypotheca Old Hypotheca becomes new Epitheca New Hypotheca Eventually the diatom becomes too small and either sexually reproduces or it loses its frustule and swells.

  7. Dinoflagellates Have a flagella thus they can move. Do well in warm water. Produce a toxin = saxitoxin (a type of neurotoxin that accumulates in shellfish) Flagella

  8. Red Tides Occur when the water temperatures are warm (decrease in diatoms and competition) What time of year does the water get warm? Don’t eat shellfish during months without an “r” in them.

  9. Photosynthesis Reaction CO2 + H2O + light energy glucose + O2 CO2 = carbon dioxide glucose = sugar or chemical energy

  10. Gross and Net Primary Production • Gross Primary Production = total amount of production • Net Primary Production = what is left from total amount after some has been used by the plants

  11. Respiration The chemical process known as Respiration is how living things use chemical energy. Respiration reaction = O2 + glucose ATP + H2O + CO2 ATP = usable form of energy

  12. Determining Primary Production Net Primary Production = Gross Primary production – Respiration Because plants are using the energy as they are making it gross primary production is determine by calculating the rate of respiration and adding that to the rate of net primary production.

  13. Determining Respiration • Photosynthesis only occurs in the light so when it is dark the plants are only using energy (=respiration).

  14. Methods of Determining Primary Production 1) measure the rate of O2 production (O2 production/time) 2) measure the rate of CO2 conversion to sugar (Sugar production/time) (radioactive carbon is used) 3) Measure the amount of pigments in an area (satellites are used)

  15. Global Primary Production Based on Satellites

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