“Writing does not so much contribute to thinking as provide an occasion for thinking.”

1. “Writing does not so much contribute to thinking as provide an occasion for thinking.” Bizzell

2. What is Process Writing? • Creative act • Requires time • Continuous feedback is necessary

3. Advantages • Teacher becomes reader as opposed to marker • Attention paid to WHAT is written instead of language errors • Research shows that feedback between drafts is more useful than a composition that is returned with corrections on it • Stages not linear – overlapping parts of a recursive process

4. Stages of Process Writing • Prewriting – Think • Drafting – Write • Revising – Make it Better • Proofreading / Editing – Make it Correct • Final Copy Sunday, November 27 – Teacher introduces task in class

5. Prewriting • Decide on a topic • Consider audience • Brainstorm ideas freely No attention to spelling, punctuation, or mechanics • Research

6. Drafting3 drafts and final copy First Draft: • Write into sentences and paragraphs • Use your own words – no plagiarism allowed • “Rough Draft”, “Sloppy Copy” • Word Count

7. First Draft Tuesday, November 29 – Students submit first draft • Score sheets – 2 points 1 point – turned in on time 1 point – word count Saturday, December 3 – Teacher gives feedback on content Student uses feedback to improve writing

8. Second DraftRevising Content • Read what you have written aloud to see if it reads smoothly • Rearrange parts of it • Take out or add parts • Replace overused or unclear words and phrases

9. Revising ContentA.R.R.R. • Adding – What else does the reader need to know? • Rearranging – Is the information in the most logical and effective order? (Intro/main body/conclusion) R. Removing – What unnecessary bits of information are in this piece of writing? • What words or phrases could be replaced by clearer or stronger expressions?

10. Second Draft Monday, December 5 -- Students submit second draft Score sheets – 2 points • 1 point = on time • 1 point = corrections / improvements

11. Peer Editing • Wednesday, December 7 – in class • Use second draft • Choose a classmate to proofread writing • First reading -- Proofreader reads the piece completely for content. • Second reading – read for mechanics, use checklist, write comments on it (not on actual writing) • Critical to process – When proofreader asks for clarification

12. Proofreading / Editing • Does the piece read smoothly? Is it logical? • Is there an introduction and conclusion? • Check the word count • Sentences complete and correct? • Spelling • Capitalization • Punctuation • Words used correctly?

13. Third Draft Sunday, December 11 – Students submit third draft Score sheets – 2 points • 1 point = on time • 1 point = corrections / improvements Tuesday, December 13 – Teacher gives feedback on all aspects of writing

14. Final Copy Saturday, December 17 – Students submit final copy Marked with Writing Rubric that is used for Mid-term and Final Exam

15. Final Copy Tuesday, December 20 • Teacher shows marks to students • Teacher submits marks to Registrar