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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Section 1.3. Communicates scientific data. Graphing. Line graph- good for showing things that are continually changing. Velocity. Must have title. (m). Y-axis: dependent variable, must have unit label!. Graphing. (S). X-axis: independent variable, must have unit label!.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 1.3

  2. Communicates scientific data Graphing

  3. Line graph- good for showing things that are continually changing Velocity Must have title (m) Y-axis: dependent variable, must have unit label! Graphing (S) X-axis: independent variable, must have unit label!

  4. Bar graph- useful to compare data for similar items or events Graphing

  5. Pie graphs- great for showing percentages of a whole Graphing

  6. Method of expressing a number multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power • Examples: • 1 X 103 = 1,000 • 1 X 102 = 100 • 1 X 101 = 10 • 1 X 100 = 1 • 1 X 10-1 = 0.1 • 1 X 10-2 = 0.01 • 1 X 10-3 = 0.001 Scientific Notation

  7. Practice: • 4.5 X 103 = • 6,000 = • 6.23 X 105 = • 0.000234= • 123456789= • 7.54 X 10-4 = Scientific Notation

  8. Practice: • 4.5 X 103 = • 4500 • 6,000 = • 6.0 X 103 • 6.23 X 105 = • 623000 • 0.000234= • 2.34 X 10-4 • 123,456,789= • 1.23456789 X 108 • 7.54 X 10-4 = • 0.000754 Scientific Notation

  9. $1.00 X 109 Fun With Scientific Notation

  10. 1 X 109 seconds is 114 days short of 32 calendar years (≈ 31.7 years). • About 109 minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing and Christianity was emerging. (109 minutes is roughly 1,900 years.) • About 109 hours ago, modern human beings and their ancestors were living in the Stone Age (more precisely, the Middle Paleolithic). (109 hours is roughly 114,000 years.) • About 109 days ago, Australopithecus, an ape-like creature related to an ancestor of modern humans, roamed the African savannas. (109 days is roughly 2.7 million years.) • About 109 months ago, dinosaurs walked the Earth during the late Cretaceous. (109 months is roughly 82 million years.) • About 109 years ago, the first multicellular eukaryotes appeared on Earth. • The universe is currently thought to be about 13.7 × 109 years old. Fun With Scientific Notation

  11. 109 inches is 15,783 miles (25,400 km), more than halfway around the world and sufficient to reach any point on the globe from any other point. • 109 meters is almost three times the distance from the Earth to the Moon. • 109 kilometers is over six times the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Fun With Scientific Notation

  12. Practice: • Find the area of the rectangle: • l= 1.38 X 104m • w= 5.36 X 103m • A=l x w • 7.3968 X 107m2 Scientific Notation

  13. determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement. • Precision- the exactness of a measurement • Example: Ruler marked every 0.1m or a ruler marked every 0.01m. • Accuracy- how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured Significant Figures (sig figs)

  14. Rules: • the answer can only be as precise as the LEAST precise measurement used in the calculation • Ex: 8.871m X 9.14m= 81.08094m2 • 9.14m =least precise and has 3 significant figures • Correct answer using sig figs= 81.1m2 • Zeros: • ALL zeroes between non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant. Ex: 303 • ALL zeroes which are SIMULTANEOUSLY to the right of the decimal point AND at the end of the number are ALWAYS significant. Ex: 8.100 or 10.0 • ALL zeroes which are to the left of a non-zero number are NOT significant Ex: 0.0004 Significant Figures (sig figs)

  15. Rules: • All NON-ZERO numbers are ALWAYS significant • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 You try it! Significant Figures (sig figs)

  16. Rules: • All NON-ZERO numbers are ALWAYS significant • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Significant Figures (sig figs)

  17. Conversion: a change from one measuring or calculating system to another • Review: • Metric Conversions: • K H D B d c m • Metric conversions are exact and are not limited by significant figures Conversion Factors

  18. English Conversion • 1 foot = 12 inches • 1 yard = 3 feet • 1 mile = 1760 yards • 1 acre = 435060 ft2 • 1 square mile = 640 acres • 1 Tbs = 3 tbs • 1 cup = 16 Tablespoons • 1 pint = 2 cups • 1 quart = 2 pints • 1 gallon = 4 quarts • 16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound • 1 ton = 2000 pounds Conversion Factors

  19. English to Metric Conversions: • 1 mile = 1.609 km • 1 oz = 28.35 g • 1 pound = 0.4536 kg • 1 fluid ounce = 29.575 mL • 1 inch = 2.54 cm • 1 foot = 0.3048 meters • 1 square mi = 2.59 square km • 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters • 1 kg = 35.27 ounces • 1.06 quarts = 1 L • 35 cubic ft = 1 cubic m • 1 pound = 4.448 N **These are limited by sig figs Conversion Factors

  20. Let’s Practice! • 1 hour = ____ seconds • 3600 seconds • 34 cm = ____ m • 0.34 m • 64 inches = ____ cm • 162.56 cm  160cm • 67 m = ____ cm • 6700cm • 12 cm = ____ inches • 4.7244 inches  4.7 in • 45 L = ____ gal • 11.8877 gal  12 gal Conversion Factors

  21. http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030266.html line graph slide 3 • http://www.indiana.edu/~atmat/units/nutrition/nutact2graph1.htm bar graph slide 4 • http://alexandria.nu/ai/blog/entry.asp?E=51 pie graph slide 5 Sources

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