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PLANT TAXONOMY

PLANT TAXONOMY. Objectives. You Will Be Able To: Identify the divisions of the classification system. Understand the process of plant classification. Plant Classification.

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PLANT TAXONOMY

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  1. PLANT TAXONOMY

  2. Objectives You Will Be Able To: • Identify the divisions of the classification system. • Understand the process of plant classification.

  3. Plant Classification • In order to study the billions of different organisms living on Earth, scientists have sorted and classified them based on their similarities and differences. • This system of classification is also called taxonomy and usually features both English and Latin names for different divisions.

  4. Theophrastus 370-285 B.C. • He was a Greek philosopher and naturalist and is often called the "Father of Botany." • He was a pupil of Aristotle and was the first person to publish a classification of plants. • Classified plants based on form • Herbs, shrubs, trees • Annuals, perennials, biennials

  5. Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778 • Linnaeus was the first person to propose an orderly system for classifying organisms. • He developed the Binomial System of Naming Plants in 1753 • Bi= 2 • Nomial= name • All plants have a scientific name composed of two Latin names known as a genus and species • His system is still used today and his called the Father of Taxonomy!

  6. Plant Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  7. Activity • Mnemonics at its best! • You and a partner will develop your own acronym mnemonics that will help you in remembering the order of classification! • You will have to come up with an interesting sentence using the first word of each division of classification, in order! • Example: King Phillip Comes Over For Great Spaghetti! • Be Prepared to share your Mnemonic with the class!

  8. Plant Kingdom • Over 275,000 species • All plants are included in one Kingdom (Plantae) which is then broken down into smaller and smaller divisions based on several characteristics • How divided into kingdoms: • Kind of cells in organism: prokaryote or eukaryote • How organism obtains its food • How organism reproduces and develops

  9. Phylum • Plants are divided in this category based on: • whether or not the plant bears or produces seeds. • Vascular or Non-Vascular plants

  10. Class • Plants are divided into two types of classes • Angiospermae (angiosperms)- plants which produce flowers • Gymnospermae (gymnosperms)- plants which don’t produce flowers • Subclass • Dicotyledonae (dicotyledons/dicots)– plants with two seed leaves • Monocotyledonae (monocotyledons/monocot)- plants with one seed leaf

  11. Order • A group of related plant families, classified in the order in which they are thought to have developed their differences from a common ancestor. • Vegetative Structures • Reproductive Structures • Names of orders end in ales

  12. Family • Each order is divided into families • These are plants with many botanical features in common. • Vegetative and Reproductive Structures used. • Related plants with similar flower parts are grouped together. • The Rose Family, Rosaceae, consists of plums, apples, strawberries because they all have similar flower structures. • The names of families end in –aceae

  13. Genus • This is the part of the plant name that is most familiar, the normal name that you give a plant- Papaver (Poppy). • This is the plants group name • All plants having the same generic name are said to belong to the same Genus and have similar characteristics and are closely related. • The name of the Genus should be written with a capital letter.

  14. Species • Together the Genus and species name refer to only one plant, and they are used to identify that particular plant. • The species name is an adjective that describes the genus. • *Alba means white: Quercus alba= white oak • *Rubrum means red: Acer rubrum= red maple • The name of the species should be written after the Genus name, in small letters, with no capital letter.

  15. Examples of species and Genus • Acer rubrum= Red maple • Acer saccharum= Sugar maple • Acer palmatum= Japanese maple • Quercus palustris= Pin oak • Quercus virginiana= Live oak Specific names give geographical information: • Pinus virginia- Virginia Pine • Taxes canadensis= Canadian Yew • Tsuga caroliniana= Carolina Hemlock

  16. Example of Classification Common Name: Corn Plant

  17. LAB! • In pairs, create a powerpoint of 10 local agriculture crops. Each slide must include: • Common name • Scientific name • Use • How it is classified

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