1 / 15

Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Developing the Research Plan. Selecting the Research Approach. Historical – Descriptive – Qualitative – Experimental –. Hypotheses. Research hypothesis – predicted outcome Null (statistical) hypothesis – H 0 that is tested by the data. Hypotheses.

hal
Download Presentation

Chapter 4

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 4 Developing the Research Plan Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  2. Selecting the Research Approach • Historical – • Descriptive – • Qualitative – • Experimental – Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  3. Hypotheses • Research hypothesis – predicted outcome • Null (statistical) hypothesis – H0 that is tested by the data Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  4. Hypotheses • Research hypothesis – There is an association between a genetic variation in the CHRNA4 gene and smoking. • Null hypothesis – Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  5. Data-collecting Methods & Techniques • Observation – viewing documents, observing subjects in research setting • Measurement-measure specific variables using instruments or tests • Questioning-ask subjects questions about past, present, or future Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  6. Observation Techniques • Direct – subjects know they’re being observed and why • Indirect-videotaping a group of subjects • Participant-researcher participates in research situation Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  7. Measurement Techniques • Types of measurements • Physical measures • Cognitive measures • Affective measures • Methods of measurement • Inventory • Sociometric Technique • Projective Technique • Scaling Techniques Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  8. Types of scales • Rating scales • Semantic Differential Scale • Rank Order Scales • Paired-comparison scale • Likert scale Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  9. Questioning Techniques • Structured questionnaire • Unstructured questionnaire • Checklist • Structured interview • Unstructured interview • Focus group interview • Delphi technique Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  10. Criteria for selecting methods & techniques • Demands on subjects • Cost • Energy, money, time • Personal ability to handle methods and data analysis Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  11. Data-Collecting Instruments • “The way you get your data” • Paper-and-pencil test or measure • Mechanical or electronic equipment measure • Physical performance test to collect data Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  12. Good data are… • Objective • Reliable • Valid Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  13. Selecting the instrument • Consult the literature • Determine its objectivity, reliability, and validity • Also consider feasibility (cost, time, scoring ease, etc.) Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  14. Revising the instrument • Often need permission from original instrument designer • May revise for gender, age, race, etc. Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

  15. Instrument development • Survey literature • Develop tentative plan • Reflect and revise • Consult other experts • Conduct a pilot study • Assess objectivity, reliability, & validity • Revise • Use the instrument Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al

More Related