Ground Based Observations for the ESP V-1

1. Ground Based Observations for the ESP V-1 • Existing data and catalogues • Planned observations • Needed observations • Telescopes • Questions Sources: D. Barrado, R. Blomme, J.-C. Bouret, Y. Frémat, A. Lanzafame, C. Martayan, Y. Nazé, C. Neiner, V. Straizys Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

2. To calibrate the spectrophotometry. Important for ESP because of a loss • of accuracy in the Blue and Violet. Need for faint comparison stars • observations. • To validate the model atmospheres in the NIR at HR and in the whole • optical range at lower resolution (photometry). • Measurement of radial velocities and orbit determination of massive • Binaries. (CU4, CU6) + APs (CU8) • Variability status of emission line stars in the NIR. Is there a way to • make a “clever” time-average of the RVS spectra for these stars ? • - What models can we use for emission line stars ? How complex should • they be ? • - To validate the model atmospheres in the NIR at HR and in the whole • optical range at lower resolution (photometry). • - Find the best algorithm to classify them. • Calibration of the Ca IRT stellar activity index in cool stars. • Define the type of cool stars that need additional treatment. Find • benchmarks for K and M stars. • - Study cool stars with circumstellar material. • Classification of anomalous abundance stars. • Find benchmarks and detect missing atomic data in chemically peculiar • stars. Why Ground Based Observations ?

3. High-resolution spectroscopy over ll8500 – 8750 A for GAIA A survey of Be stars in the 7500 – 8800 A region (Andrillat et al.) Atlas of 840-880nm spectral region ftp://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/pub/cats/III/217 http://ulisse.oapd.inaf.it/ Paper catalogue – the spectra need to be digitized Dl = 840 nm – 880 nm R ~ 5000 CARELEC Dl = 850 nm – 875 nm R ~ 20000 ECHELLE Dl = 756.5 nm – 880.5 nm R ~ 5000 OHP193 ROUCAS + RETICON Dl = 800.0 nm – 105.0 nm R ~ 3000 OHP193 ROUCAS + RETICON FEROS archive http://archive.eso.org/ Dl = 360 nm – 920 nm R ~ 48000 ECHELLE Only a very few late-O type stars ! B & O stars UVBb photometry of galactic OB stars Reed, B.C. 2003, AJ, 125, 2531 Galactic O star catalog (photometry, stromgren) Maiz-Apellaniz, J. et al. 2004ApJS..151..103 Existing data and catalogues Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

4. The Ca II Infrared Triplet as a stellar activity diagnostic II. Test and Calibration with high resolution observations Busa et al., A&A, in press Dl ~ 840 nm – 880 nm High Resolution SARG/TNG and Mc Donald «  … Observations of 40 stars with different activity level … » «…, we have large collections of spectral energy distributions for hundreds of stars. They include both normal (solar composition) stars and stars of various peculiarities. However, most of them are brighter than the 10th magnitude... They are collected from all available (mostly published) sources. » Existing data and catalogues Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

5. Keck LRIS spectra of late-M, L and T dwarfs The NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey T dwarfs The Spectra of T Dwarfs I: NIR Data and Spectral Classification Ultracool Dwarf Catalog Sandy Leggett – M, L and T dwarf data archive http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~pa/adam/classification/ http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~mclean/BDSSarchive/ http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/~skl/data.html http://www.iac.es/galeria/ege/catalogo_espectral/salida.html http://web.mit.edu/ajb/www/tdwarf/ http://www-int.stsci.edu/~inr/ultracool.html Dl = 600 nm – 1000 nm R ~ 900 Dl = 1000 nm – 2500 nm R ~ 60, 120 NIRC Dl = 1200 nm – 2350 nm R ~ 1200 OSIRIS Dl = 380 nm – 980 nm R ~ Dl = 960 nm – 2310 nm R ~ 2000, 20000 NIRSPEC Photometry Dl = 612 nm – 740 nm R ~ 1750, 900 Dl = 1100 nm – 2350 nm R ~ 500 http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/~skl/LTdata.html Photometry H, J, K Existing data and catalogues «  … first get an homogeneous list, which should include a fair amount of objects in each spectral subclass, and try to get additional data when needed … » Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

6. Sample of O and W-R stars «  … at least one star per spectral type/luminosity class combination + some binaries + a few ON/OC stars … » On-going service mode observations OHP: Telescope 1.52: AURELIE: Grating 4: R ~ 6000: Dl = 800 nm – 890 nm ESO: NTT: EMMI: Ech. 9 + Cross4, R ~ 9700: Dl = 580 nm – 990 nm (078.D-0114) Nazé et al. If everything is going right with the proposal, the data should be reduced and analyzed next year and used to test the model atmospheres. Will be released in 1 or 2 years. Sample of cool stars (planned proposal submissions) … at different level of activity to fill gaps in the data available and to refine the calibration of the activity level based on Ca IRT. Also to test other CU8 algorithms. Planned observations or proposals «Proposal for TNG/SARG, … but difficult to get time there … » Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

7. Follow-up of a massive binary. (CU4, CU6, CU8) • Well known LBVs • Of stars (HD108, HD66811 …) • Oe, Be, Ae (HD53367, HD32991, XX Oph, …) • Other classes of stars with emission (B[e], Novae, Symbiotic stars, T Tauri …) Sample of cool stars • Cool stars with circumstellar material. • We also need to establish what star can be used as benchmark for K and M type stars. • We need RVS data for different kind of chemically peculiar stars. • A target list have been prepared. Unfortunately, they contain mostly "bright" stars, since faint stars (10-14 mag) usually have no accurate classification and physical parameters available. So, spectral energy distributions of these "bright" stars may be used only for synthetic photometry and evaluation of possibilities to detect stars of various peculiarities. For direct calibration of the Gaia spectra we need stars fainter than 10 mag. The list of such stars with various peculiarities will be prepared before the planned ground-based observations. • Available qualified man power, but missing money for travel. Also needs an observatory with good astro-climate. Needed observations Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

8. CCD Observations from Andrillat, Jaschek et al. Not available but they should exist somewhere … Dl = 400 nm – 900 nm B[e] stars. I. HD 51585 (=OY Gem)Jaschek C., Andrillat Y., Jaschek M. <Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 117, 281 (1996)> = June(I) 1996 B[e] stars. II. MWC 349 A Andrillat Y., Jaschek M., Jaschek C. <Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 118, 495 (1996)> =1996A&AS..118..495A B[e] stars. III. MWC 645 Jaschek M., Andrillat Y., Jaschek C. <Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 120, 99 (1996)> =1996A&AS..120...99J B[e] stars. IV. HD 45677 = MWC 142 Andrillat Y., Jaschek C., Jaschek M. <Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 124, 441 (1997)> =1997A&AS..124..441A B[e] stars. V. HD 50138 = MWC 158 Jaschek C., Andrillat Y. <Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 128, 475 (1998)> =1998A&AS..128..475J B[e] stars. VI. MWC 297 = IRAS 18250-0351 Andrillat Y., Jaschek C. <Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 131, 479 (1998)> =1998A&AS..131..479A Needed observations Interesting and yet existing data, but where could we get them ? Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

9. OHP – 1.52 – AURELIE • ESO – 2.2 – FEROS • ESO – NTT – EMMI • La Palma – NTG – SARG • Pic du Midi – TBL – NARVAL • Data from small telescopes (some Italian facility • could be considered) • VLT-FLAMES to derive APs for the faint calibration • stars ? Best suited telescopes and instruments Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006

10. Will there be a database for the observations ? In which framework and how will it be • build ? • What kind of data will it contain ? • What will be the policy adopted regarding new data as well as data retrieved from • existing archives ? • Accessibility of the database … ? • Where can we have access to low dispersion CCD photometry ? • (See the mail sent by Vytas Straizys to Caroline: urgent need for spectrophotometry • of faint standard stars. Also need for accurate AP determination of these stars.) Questions … Ground-Based Observations for GAIA (Meeting 1) – 14-15 September 2006