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Ship Based Observations

International Forum of SatCom Users Paris, 3-4 October 2013. Ship Based Observations. Pierre Blouch EUMETNET & Météo-France Chairman of the JCOMM/SOT Task Team on SatCom. Two kinds of “Weather Ship Stations”. Conventional Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS)

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Ship Based Observations

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  1. International Forum of SatCom UsersParis, 3-4 October 2013 Ship Based Observations Pierre Blouch EUMETNET & Météo-France Chairman of the JCOMM/SOT Task Team on SatCom Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  2. Two kinds of“Weather Ship Stations” • Conventional Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) • Recruited by a National Weather Service (NMS) • Observations are carried out by ship’s crew (manned) • A software is used onboard to code the observation • The observation message is sent ashore through a telecommunication system belonging to the ship/company • Communications are either paid by a NMS (GMDSS Terminal) or by the ship/company (email) Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  3. Two kinds of“Weather Ship Stations” • Shipborne Automatic Weather Station (S-AWS) • Installed by a National Weather Service • Fitted with its own telecommunication system • Communications are paid by the NMS that installed the S-AWS Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  4. Requirements for Ships • Strong constraints on: • Coverage (global) • Reliability (successful transmissions - data integrity ensured) • Timeliness (greater demand: 50 min. => 15 min.) • Location (better than 1 km => GPS required) • Costs (optimised => binary transmission) • Less constraints on: • Data volume (less than 100 bytes per hourly message) • Power (supplied by the ship in general but…) • Space (relatively large on ships) • Two-way com. (but more and more appreciated for S-AWS) Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  5. Ship Observation NetworkConventional VOS + S-AWS Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  6. Ship Observation NetworkConventional VOS + S-AWS Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  7. SatCom Use by VOS(2012 – Conventional + S-AWS) + Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  8. SatCom Use by S-AWS(2012) • Iridium SBD (25%*) • Rapid growth. Experience got from DBCP Iridium-PP • Mainly used by Canada (AVOS), Met Office (AMOS), E-SURFMAR (BaRos) • Planned on future European Common AWS (EUCAWS)… • Inmarsat-C Data Mode (13%*) • Meteo-France BaTos (migration to Iridium SBD started) • BoM Milos * 100% represent all VOS reports in 2012 (including those for which prST is unknown) Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  9. SatCom Use by S-AWS(2012) • Geostationary Meteorological Satellites (DCP - 5%*) • DWD Milos (will be replaced by EUCAWS stations) • Drawback: high cost of « omni-directional » transmitters (one single manufacturer) • Argos (2%*) • French Minos (obsolete station) • Drawback: transmission delays * 100% represent all VOS reports in 2012 (including those for which prST is unknown) Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  10. SatCom Useby Conventional VOS Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  11. SatCom Useby Conventional VOS • GMDSS Inmarsat-C Terminals • SAC 41 (35%*): Communications are borne by the NMSs having an Inmarsat Land Earth Station (LES) in their country (unfair) • SEAS (15%*): Data Mode - Communications are paid by NOAA • E-SURFMAR half compression (2%*): Communications are paid by the NMS that recruted the ship • Ship’s Emails (15%*) • Communications are paid by the ship/company * 100% represent all VOS reports containing visual observations and sent onto the GTS in 2012 (including those for which prST is unknown) Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  12. SatCom Useby Conventional VOS • Modernization of the GMDSS is ongoing • Inmarsat-C obsolete ? Should disappear within a few years • New GMDSS could be based on several communication satellite (no longer based on Inmarsat only) • The change could be the occasion to build a fairer funding system than this used for SAC 41 communications • SOT is waiting for information from IMSO … on the future of GMDSS in order to propose a new way to report conventional VOS observations ashore, free of charge for the ships who do not send them through emails Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

  13. Thank you for your attention! Questions ? Ad hoc International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication, Paris, 3-4 Sept 2013

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