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Late Roman Republic

Late Roman Republic. Roman Republic Map, 40 BC. Wars after Punic Wars. Numantine Wars – Spain Servile War – several slave revolts in Sicily from 130 BC to 71 BC including Spartacus Jugurthine War – against half of Numidia ( Jugurtha ) 100 BC – Julius Caesar born. Pre-Caesar Generals.

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Late Roman Republic

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  1. Late Roman Republic

  2. Roman Republic Map, 40 BC

  3. Wars after Punic Wars • Numantine Wars – Spain • Servile War – several slave revolts in Sicily from 130 BC to 71 BC including Spartacus • Jugurthine War – against half of Numidia (Jugurtha) • 100 BC – Julius Caesar born

  4. Pre-Caesar Generals • Rivalry between Marius and Sulla • Confiscations of property • Sulla fought in Jugurthine War and against Mithridates in Pontus • Pompey and Crassus joined Sulla against Marius • Proscriptions – confiscation and selling of property

  5. Spartacus • 73 BC - Thracian, sold as slave-gladiator • Led revolt at a gladiator school • Left town and picked up 70,000 rural slaves on the way to the Alps • Won several battles, left behind by pirate ships • Crassus finally defeated slaves, Pompey had 6000 crucified on Appian Way

  6. First Triumvirate • Normal - Two consuls, sometimes one dictator • Pompey annexes Syria and Jerusalem • Caesar conquers parts of Spain • Crassus had defeated Spartacus • 59 BC - They form 1st Triumvirate, three consuls in power • Calpurnia, second wife

  7. Rise of Julius Caesar • Crassus dies fighting Parthians in Mesopotamia • Proconsul Caesar defeated nemesis Gaul Vercingetorix • Pompey marries daughter of Caesar’s enemy • Triumvirate dead • Caesar crosses Rubicon in 49 BC • “The die is cast.” Roman Civil War begins

  8. Roman Civil War • Pompey flees Rome to Greece • Caesar re-elected consul/dictator, then resigns • Marc Antony second in command “Master of the Horse” • Caesar defeats Pompey’s lieutenants in Spain • 48 BC - Pompey flees to Egypt, tricked and beheaded • Caesar receives his head, allies with Cleopatra • Helps her in Egyptian Civil War

  9. Caesar Back in Rome • Caesar returns to Rome in 47 BC • Starts enacting reforms • Puts own image on coins • Offered title of rex but rejects it • 44 BC – Ides of March, Caesar stabbed to death by 60 senators fearful of his becoming king and ending the republic

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