History Of (MARPOL 73/78) And Regional Implementations By Capt. Awad Saeed Manager Environment

1. History Of (MARPOL 73/78) And Regional Implementations By Capt. Awad Saeed Manager Environment Kuwait Petroleum Corporation

2. OILPOL 54 • In 1954, the United Kingdom organized a conference on oil pollution resulted in; • the adoption of the International Convention for the Prevention Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL), 1954. • Following entry into force of the IMO Convention in 1958, the depository and Secretariat functions in relation to the Convention were transferred from the United Kingdom Government to IMO. K P C

3. OILPOL 54 • The 1954 Convention,was amended in 1962, 1969 and 1971, primarily addressed pollution resulting from routine tanker operations and the discharge of oily wastes from machinery spaces. • Established "prohibited zones" extending at least 50 miles from the nearest land and allows discharge of oil mixture of 10ppm. • Countries take all appropriate steps to promote the provision of facilities for the reception of oily water and residues. K P C

4. 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73) • None adequacy the 1954 OILPOL Convention, despite the various amendments which had been adopted. • In 1969, the IMO Assembly inspired by the Torrey Canyon disaster in 1967. Decided to convene an international conference to adopt a completely new convention • The 1973 conference incorporated much of OILPOL 1954 and its amendments into Annex I, covering oil. K P C

5. Torrey Canyon K P C

6. 1978 Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention (MARPOL 78 Protocol) • An international Conference on tanker safety and Pollution Prevention was held in 1998, following 1976-1977 series of tanker incidents. • The Conference adopted a protocol to the 1973 MARPOL Convention(was not then in force), absorbing the parent Convention and expanding. • The requirements for segregated ballast tanks, crude oil washing system(COW) and clean ballast tanks for existing tankers over 40,000tons. K P C

7. International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) • Annex I - Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil Entry into force: 2 October 1983 • Annex II - Regulations for the Control ofPollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk. Entry into force: 6 April 1987 • Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form. Entry into force: 1 July 1992 • Annex IV - Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships. Entry into force:27 September 2003 • Annex V - Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships. Entry into force: 31 December 1988 • Annex VI - Prevention ofAir Pollution from Ships (adopted September 1997 - not yet in force. Entry into force: 19 May 2005 K P C

8. International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) • To speed-up the implementation the Conference allowed that the Parties "shall not be bound by the provisions of Annex II of the Convention for a period of three years" from the date of entry into force of the Protocol, so that countries could accept Annex I and have three years to implement Annex II. • Sufficient States had ratified MARPOL by October 1982, and finally entered into force on 2 October 1983 (for Annexes I and II) K P C

9. K P C

10. Regional ImplementationsBack Ground • ROPME States first meeting on reception facilities was convened in Kuwait 1982. • High priority was given to reception and treatment of dirty ballast. • Feasibility study by Overseas Shipbuilding Cooperation Centre (OSCC) in 1984. • The study resulted in huge amount of investment required to establish Ballast reception facilities to cover 23 ports. K P C

11. New approach • ROPME to up-date OSCC study carried out in 1984 to meet the development that have taken place. • To meet the requirement to accede MARPOL 73/78, a provision of small number (1-3) of land and/or floating reception facilities jointly funded on regional basis should be considered as an alternative and, • Consider load-on-top system for the offshore crude loading terminals as the most cost effective method of satisfying MARPOL 73/78 requirements. K P C

12. New approach cont. • Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) support commenced in 1989, GCC/ROPME ad-hoc meeting recommended to; • Prepare a comprehensive study with the concerned international organizations for the accessions to MARPOL 73/78. K P C

13. New approach cont. • Study the possibilities of establishing a central reception facility or to be distributed at a different ports/terminals in the Member States. • The seventh meeting of ROPME Council decided that member state to accede to MARPOL 73/78. • ROPME secretariat jointly with GCC to prepare a document to be submitted the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC/IMO) Prior to its annual meeting in March 1991. K P C

14. Established Ad- hoc Task Force • ROPME/ IMO Symposium on MARPOL Convention held in Kuwait Feb.1996 recommended the set up of an ad-hoc task force includes experts from IMO,GCC, GAOCMAO (RECSO) and experts from member states to assist ROPME in carrying out a feasibility study in cooperation with Sultanate of Oman in line with 14th ROPME Executive Committee Meeting in Muscat, Jan.1996. • ROPME Regional Feasibility Study. K P C

15. Communications With IMO • Document summarizes the out come of the preparatory and 1st Regional Steering Committee meetings was submitted to MEPC/ IMO 45th Meeting. • MEPC very much welcomed the RSA countries intention to accede, implement and enforce MARPOL by July 2002. • Document on ‘special area’ status has to be submitted in December 2001 Prior to the MEPC 47th meeting in March 2002. K P C

16. Regional Implementations Obstacles • Cost • Misinterpretation of the change in Tankers’ design (SBT). • Reception Facilities the Regional Approach. • Commitments from member states. • Size and location for an adequate reception facilities to meet the requirements of MARPOL 73/78. • Agreement on the fee structure K P C

17. Regional Implementations Obstacles • Integrate MARPOL rules and regulations into the National Legislations. • The need for Competent inspectors /surveyors. • Proper Ship movements monitoring and surveillance. • MARPOL enforcement requires regional Memorandum of Agreement on Port State Control. K P C

18. Conclusion • All ROPME member States accession to MARPOL was announced in the GCC summit held in Qatar on 2007. • At IMO - MEPC 52 (October 2004) ROPME Sea Area was extended to cover Arabian Sea up to the OMAN Yemen Borders. and came into force on 1 January 2007 together with the new revised Annexes I and II. • 1st. August 2008 ROPME Sea Area will be declared a special area subject of the establishment of the reception facilities. • Over 41,000 different vessels entered Strait of Hormuze in 2006 and 47,000 in 2007 K P C