Overview of GA Target Fabrication And Injection Tasks

1. Overview of GA Target Fabrication And Injection Tasks Presented by Dan Goodin atHAPL Project ReviewPleasanton, CaliforniaNovember 13-14, 2001

2. TOPICS .... Near-term goal demonstrate a “credible pathway” to high-volume target supply Introduce the area of target fabrication and injection Roadmap of ongoing activities Summarize progress not covered elsewhere Introduce the next GA speakers... • GA/Schafer and LANL are part of a team addressing the issues of IFE target supply (LANL = lead for fabrication; GA = lead for injection) Exploiting our experience with ICF targets - similar materials and processes Target Supply Includes Manufacture of Capsules Filling with DT Layering Process Assembling & Cryohandling Injection and Tracking

3. Overview of target types, processes, and ongoing R&D Target Fabrication Layering Injection Filling Target Design Foam shell microencapsulation Interfacial polycondensation Sputter-coating Rad. Preheat Foam shell microencapsulation Interfacial polycondensation or injection molding Cryogenic fluidized bed or In-sabot Gas-gun or Electromagnetic Permeation Empty Outer Foam Microencapsulation or Coatings in a fluidized bed Thick Capsule Cryogenic fluidized bed or In-hohlraum Permeation or liquid injection Microencapsulation + Foam Casting/Doping Dist. Radiator .... GA and LANL are part of a team addressing the issues of IFE target supply

4. Target Mass Production - accomplishments since last project review (6/1/01) x x 600 Å Pd on CH shell • High-Z Coatings (e.g., radiation preheat target) • Prepared high-Z coatings of Pd and measured their reflectivity and permeation • Prepared a number of Pd/Au alloys and characterized them • Details in next presentation • Began testing of methods to measure areal density of DVB foam shells using IR • Abbas Nikroo will summarize in next talk TMPT foam shell in IPA Filling with DT ES&H (hazardous, WDR) Seemingly simple component has multi-disciplinary functions and requirements Fabrication (coating, cost) Target Design (Z, smooth, uniform) High-Z Layer (Au/Pd?) Layering (IR, Joule heating) Injection (stable, reflective) .… Must eventually produce and characterize ~500,000 targets/day at acceptable cost

5. Target Mass Production - accomplishments (Cont.) • Began classic “chemical engineering approach” to Target Fabrication Facility (TFF) design The TFF is a chemical process plant “Alternate Process” Microencapsulation For Mandrels PFD’s “Baseline Process” Capsule Manufacture Microencapsulation Int. Polycondensation Sputter Coating Fluidized Bed Ctg. -GDP -Solution Mass-Bal. FS’s E-Bal. FS’s Prel. Equip. Types/Sizes Permeation Cooldown DT Removal Transfer Fluidization E by IR/RF Removal Layering Filling Preliminary TFF Layout -Floor Space -Height Reqs. • Status • Drafted PFD’s for Encap. • Initial flowsheets • Evaluating closing specific cycles for industrial process Sabot Loading Removal & Recycle Prop. Gas R&R Tracking Injection Demonstrate a credible pathway to producing 500,000 per day at ~$0.25 each IRE Support .... This is appropriate time to initiate ChemE cost studies

6. Target Mass Production - accomplishments (Cont.) • Basic concept = use a more convenient surrogate to demonstrate “proof of principle” for fluidized bed layering • Allows use of room temperature characterization equipment IR LAMP Before  ~1” ID Fluidized bed After  Fluidized bed in water bath Neopentyl alcohol Oxalic acid Filled thru hole and sealed • Status • Proof of principle done for fluidized bed layering -> next step?

7. Target Mass Production (Cont.) OCTS/D2TS TYPE PERMEATION CELL AIR--LOCK FOR LOADING HELIUM/DT SEPARATION • Concept • Monolayer type spiral Fl. Bed • Uniform Temp. • Allows IR/RF • Continuous • Deterministic IR OR µWAVE INJECTION DT BACK TO PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM He SABOTS • Issues • “Real” thermal analysis • Layering time? (C. Halvorson) • Static control • Approach • Start with small bed - static • Take Cryo, batch process HD • Mockup to demo handling • Demo of continuous (modular) TO INJECTOR REVOLVER CAROUSEL FOR UNLOADING BED SPIRAL CHANNEL OVER DIFFUSER COOLER .... We need an integrated approach to filling, layering, handling, & injection

8. Target injection and tracking - accomplishments since last project review (6/1/01) • Target injection and tracking experimental system design • Completed preliminary design package, held PDR meeting on July 27, 2001, and resolved comments • Completed final design package (FDR meeting 11/16/01) • Electromagnetic Injector • Evaluating as a backup to the gas-gun, potential advantages as production device (non-contacting, less wear) • Completed structural design for Bldg. 22, injector site (GA funded) • Target Material Property and Thermal Response Measurements • With LANL (Jim Hoffer) Ron Petzoldt will discuss experimental equipment design, electromagnetic injector modeling, and in-chamber tracking calculations this afternoon Design team Illustration of IFE Experimental Target Injection and Tracking System in GA’s Bldg. 22

9. Some recent IFE target fabrication/injection papers and publications • “Progress Toward Demonstrating IFE Target Fabrication and Injection”, D. Goodin, et al. IFSA-2001 (Plenary Session Talk) • “Reducing the Costs of Targets for Inertial Fusion Energy”, G. Besenbruch et al. IFSA-2001 • “Target Injection and Fabrication Possibilities for Fast Ignitor IFE”, R. Stephens, et al. IFSA-2001 (Invited Talk) • “Thermal Control Techniques for Improved DT Layering of Indirect Drive IFE Targets,” J. Pulsifer et al. IFSA-2001 • “Concepts for Fabrication of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets,” Nobile, et al. Fusion Technology, Vol. 39, March 2001, 684. • “Developing Target Injection and Tracking for Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plants”, Nuclear Fusion, V41, No. 5, May 2001, 527. • “Developing the Basis for Target Injection and Tracking in Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plants”, Goodin et al. Accepted for publication in Fusion Engineering and Design. • “Design of an Inertial Fusion Energy Target Tracking and Position Prediction System,” Petzoldt et al. Fusion Technology, Vol. 39, March 2001, 678. Target Fabrication Target Injection .... Contributions and collaborations with people at GA, LANL, NRL, UCSD, LLNL, Schafer, SNL, and ORNL

10. Summary • Prepared coatings of Pd and Pd/Au mixtures and characterized them • Prepared PFD’s and initial flowsheets for target fabrication • Demonstrated proof of principle for fluidized bed layering and developed an integrated concept for handling • Completed preliminary and final design of injector system We encourage student involvement in the IFE program - recent and current students: …. Abbas Nikroo and Elizabeth Stephens will now present the results of high-Z coating studies