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Qualitative analysis of ions

Qualitative analysis of ions. Test to detect halide ions. Halide ions are chloride, bromide & iodide These are negatively charged ------------- The name of the test is Silver Nitrate test Procedure Take 1 cm 3 of the solution in a test tube.

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Qualitative analysis of ions

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  1. Qualitative analysis of ions

  2. Test to detect halide ions • Halide ions are chloride, bromide & iodide • These are negatively charged ------------- • The name of the test is Silver Nitrate test • Procedure • Take 1 cm3 of the solution in a test tube. • Add 1 cm3 of dilute Nitric Acid to the solution. • Then add a few drops of Silver Nitrate solution. • Observe the colour of precipitate & write conclusions

  3. Observations of Silver Nitrate Test • A white precipitate- Chloride present • A cream precipitate- Bromide present • A yellow precipitate- Iodide present • www.knockhardy.org.uk/ppoints.htm

  4. Test for anions (halides)such as Chloride ions

  5. Test for anions (halides)

  6. Further confirmation test for halides. Try to dissolve in dilute ammonia solution

  7. another key tests for halides: • Concentrated sulphuric acid: • Halide salt eg KX +H2SO4 HX(g) +KHSO4 • So KCl will give off HCl gas, KBr gives HBr etc.. • BUT concentrated sulphuric is also mildly oxidising, whilst not strong enough to oxidise KF, KCl is WILL oxidise KBr to produce Bromine gas (brown)/ KI will produce Iodine fumes -another key identifier.

  8. Addition of Concentrated ammonia (vapour) to H-X gas • Following addition of sulphuric acid, one may have HX gas or an X2gas/HX gas blend depending on halide X. • HX is acidic in solution therefore will react with concentrated ammonia to yield a precipitate. • eg HCl + NH3 NH4Cl (white ppt) -again a confirmation of a halide

  9. OBJECTIVES • To analyse the 2 cations & report as ferrous(Fe2+) or ferric (Fe3+) • To analyse sulphate anion by Barium chloride test

  10. Test for Sulphate

  11. OBJECTIVES • To analyse the 2 cations & report as ferrous(Fe2+) or ferric (Fe3+)

  12. To analyse the 2 cations & report as ferrous(Fe2+) or ferric (Fe3+) • Iron ions form distinct colours. • Use Sodium Hydroxide Solution • Iron (II) produces a green gelatinous precipitate • Iron (III) produces a brown gelatinous preciptiate) (*note over time Iron(II) can be oxidised to Iron (III) )

  13. Flame test for Cations

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