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Strategies for Sustainable Energy Supply in the Cities of Latin America

Strategies for Sustainable Energy Supply in the Cities of Latin America. F o r o I n t e r n a c i o n a l B ogotá - B erlin - B ejing Challenges and Solutions for Megacities Bogota, 2 nd October 2008 Dr. Volker Stelzer

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Strategies for Sustainable Energy Supply in the Cities of Latin America

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  1. Strategies for Sustainable Energy Supply in the Cities of Latin America F o r o I n t e r n a c i o n a l Bogotá - Berlin - Bejing Challenges and Solutions for Megacities Bogota, 2nd October 2008 Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS – Institute for Technical Estimation and System Analysis (ITAS)

  2. Content • Content • Energy • Dangers and sideeffects • Possible solutions • Final suggestions 2 Dr. Volker Stelzer

  3. Energy Energy: Energy from the environment that is converted by technology for human needs • Function of energy: • Mechanical energy (e.g. transportation, machines, communication) • Light • Heat (e.g. for production processes, houses) • Cold (e.g. refrigerators, houses, chemical industry) • Save human energy • Income for a part of the economy • Income for a part the population • Reaching sustainability goals: • Protection of human health • Ensuring the satisfaction of basic needs • Sustainable development of man-made capital 3 Dr. Volker Stelzer

  4. Dangers What are the dangers for a save energy availability? • Accessibility (household) • Amount (High costs, short running of energy source, political intervention) • Interruption of the energy supply (weather, political intervention, accidents, failure of infrastructure) Negative sideeffects from energy use: • Destruction of the environments (e.g. opencast mines, petroleum conveyers, masts, dams) • Producing (environment) toxicological substances (e.g. SO2, NOX, radioactivity, VOC, PM 2.5, CO2, CH4, N2O) • Costs for the city • Costs for the economy • Costs for citizens 4 Dr. Volker Stelzer

  5. Solutions I • How is it possible to implement a save, sufficient and flexible energy supply system with little negative effects? • Energy efficiency in Household, Industry, traffic • Urban planing • Behaviour • Built up big fossil or atomic power plants: advantage: High amount of energy, disadvantages: low efficiency, high risk when having problems, maybe high future costs for the public sector (rising prices, inflexibility of raw material, short running of energy raw material) • Decentralization of the energy production (production places, sources for the energy / row material) • Local resources (e.g. sludge, organic waste, green space, roofs) • Renewable energy (sun, wind, hydro, ocean, geothermal) • Energy storage • Build up an efficient energy net • Modern energy management • Realistic view of the following effects and costs (including the waste treatment, possible accidents, costs for the government) 5 Dr. Volker Stelzer

  6. Solutions II Reasons for state intervention: • Ever there are people that have a benefit from the existence of the old system. Often this groups take al there influence that the new system will not be realised. • The costs for a new system normally are higher than of an existing system • The user often are accustomed at the old system Measures: • Exact analysis of the local situation including realistic prognosis or scenarios of at least 10 years (energy demand, energy efficiency potential, local resources for energy production and -storage …) • Research in new energy technologies and solutions • Propaganda • Education • Competitions 6 Dr. Volker Stelzer

  7. Final suggestions • What is to do to create a sustainable and modern energy situation • Realistic analysis of the local situation • Promote energy efficiency • Use local renewable Energy sources • The rest with renewables from larger distances and from fossil sources (but with highest energy efficiency and reduction of toxic emissions) • Help of the government is necessary 7 Dr. Volker Stelzer

  8. Thank you for your attention For more information:stelzer@itas.fzk.de and: http://www.risk-habitat-megacity.ufz.de/

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