The European Union

1. The European Union Challenges and Implications for Public Administration

2. Agenda • Overview • Historical Development • Challenges • Future Implications and Conclusion

3. Overview • Economic, Political and Regulatory Partnership • 27 European Countries • Austria • Belgium • Bulgaria • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Netherlands • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • United Kingdom

4. Overview • European Parliament • Elected Every 5 Years by European Citizens • Shared responsibility with the Council to pass • laws proposed by the Commission • Council of the European Union • Six Month Rotation of EU Presidency • Consists of national level ministers in various policy areas • Sets European policy agenda • European Commission • Drafts Legislative Proposals • Manages EU Policy Implementation and Budget • Commission President chosen by EU governments and elected by the European Parliament – other commissioners elected by National Governments for policy management

5. Historical Development • 1951 – France, (West) Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium, Italy Agree to run coal and steel industries under common management • 1962 – EU creates Common Agricultural Policy • 1968 – EU removes customs duties placed on imports from member nations • 1979 – EU citizens directly vote in members of Parliament for the first time • 1987 – Single European Act is signed, which resolves issues with free flowing international trade and creates the ‘Single Market’. People, Goods, Services and Money can flow across borders • 1992 – Treaty on European Union signed in Maastricht, which lays the path to a single currency (Euro) and Foreign and Security Policy

6. Historical Development (Cont.) • 2002 – EURO instated • 2004 – EU Nations sign a treaty establishing a European Constitution. However, citizens of France and the Netherlands vote against referendums in 2005, placing a hold on the development on a Constitution

7. Historical Development Accession • 1973 – Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom • 1981 – Greece • 1986 – Spain and Portugal • 1995 – Austria, Finland, Sweden • 2004 – Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia • 2007 – Bulgaria and Romania

8. Challenges • Accession • Economic Issues • Community Budget to support development of new member states • Community Aid to poorer regions and related regulations • Integration Issues and National Identity • French Roma, 2010 • Concept of National Sovereignty • “Democratic Deficit”

9. Trans-Governmental Networks • Supra-National Regulatory/Program Implementation bodies in various policy sectors. Composed of: • Administrative/Management Board • Membership established by EU legislation • Composed of representatives from Member States and European Commission, sometimes Parliament appointees and/or “social partners” • Executive Director – Legal Representative of Agency. Distribution of power between ED and Management established by EU legislation • Technical/Scientific Committee(s), composed of experts in relative fields, assisting ED and Management • Debated as being the “solution” to the ‘Democratic Deficit’ thesis with regard to its shared authority between all levels of a multi-level government structure.

10. Trans-Governmental Networks Example • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) • Management Board - Responsible for budget, programs, implementation, internal rules and regulations • Executive Director – appointed by Management Board for 5-year term. Assisted by the Advisory Forum • Advisory Forum – composed of “competent bodies in Member States”, which undertake tasks similar to that of the Authority • Scientific Committee and nine scientific panels, each competent in a specific area of risk assessment. Members appointed by Management Board.

11. Future Implications and Conclusion • Similar to the expanding role played by American Non-Profits with regard to informed policy making • Non-Profit Community Clinics and the California Primary Care Association (CPCA) • In an increasingly globalized world…

12. FIN

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