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ideologies (secular belief systems) liberalism conservatism (Congress of Vienna, 1815: legitimacy) socialism (utopian and scientific/Marxist/revolutionary) nationalism (can become patriotism and jingoism) democracy 1848 revolutions (France, Germany, Habsburg empire, Italy)
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ideologies (secular belief systems) liberalism conservatism (Congress of Vienna, 1815: legitimacy) socialism (utopian and scientific/Marxist/revolutionary) nationalism (can become patriotism and jingoism) democracy 1848 revolutions (France, Germany, Habsburg empire, Italy) Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III, 1852-1870) Frankfurt parliament Risorgimento Sardinia-Piedmont Realpolitik Camillo di Cavour (1810-1861) Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) Prussia Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)