An Age of Ideologies

1. An Age of Ideologies 4.1

2. Use a form of the question in your answers.

3. Conservatives Prefer the Old Order • Ideologies are systems of thought and belief.

4. Conservatives • In the Concert of Europe, conservatives agreed to work together to support the political and social order that had existed before. • Conservatives wanted to return to the way things were before the French Revolution in 1789. • They wanted to restore the royal families to the thrones they had lost when Napoleon swept across France.

5. Conservatives • Conservatives also backed the established church. • They supported a social hierarchy in which lower classes looked up to and respected the higher class. • They thought that natural rights and constitutional government could only lead to chaos. • Opposed freedom of the press and thought protests should be crushed.

6. Answer the Following Questions • 1. What was the main goal of the conservatives in the Concert of Europe? Give three examples of how were they going to achieve this? • 2. Using the definition of what an ideology is, how is conservatism an ideology?

7. Liberals and Nationalists Seek Change • Liberals were inspired by the Enlightenment. They challenged the conservatives. • Liberalism and Nationalism started many revolts. • Liberals wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and separation of powers. • They defended the Enlightenment ideas of natural rights of people, liberty, equality, and property. Also that there should be a separation of powers and that government is responsible to the people. • They called for rulers to be elected by the people.

8. Liberalism • The role of government was to protect basic rights like freedom of thought, speech, and religion. • Later they supported the idea of universal manhood suffrage, giving all adult men the right to vote. • They supported the ideas of Adam Smith. They saw the free market as an opportunity for business people to succeed.

9. Nationalism • In the 1800’s, national groups that shared a common heritage set out to win their own states. • Nationalism gave people with a common heritage a sense of identity and the goal of creating their own homeland. • Nationalism also gave rise to intolerance and led to persecution of other groups.

10. Questions • 3. How did liberalism reflect Enlightenment ideals? • 4. Identify the goals of liberals. • 5. What were the goals of nationalists?

11. Central Europe Challenges the Old Order • Rebellions erupted in the Balkans, southeastern Europe. • This area was inhabited by various groups who had lived under Ottoman rule for hundreds of years. • The first Balkan people to revolt were the Serbs. • The Serb leader Karageorge led a war against the Ottomans. • It was unsuccessful but led to a revival of Serbian identity and a feeling of nationalism.

12. Serbs • 1815 Milos Obrenovic led the Serbs in a second successful rebellion. • Russian support helped the Serbs win autonomy, or self-rule with the Ottoman empire.

13. Greece Revolts • 1821 Greeks revolted to end Ottoman rule. • Greeks had the support of romantic writers such as Lord Byron. • Admirers of Greece backed the Greek rebels. • By 1830 Greece was independent. • The European powers forced the Greeks to accept a German king.

14. Questions • 6. How were the two Serbian uprisings different? • 7. Who supported the Greeks? Who did the Greeks revolt against?

16. Two Newspaper Articles • You area a newspaper reporter for an American newspaper. • First… • Using the European Ideologies Around 1800 chart, write a three paragraph article about the differences between the three ideologies.

18. Second Article • Second… • Using the European Revolts in the Early 1800’s, write a three paragraph article telling people in America about the revolts in Serbia, Greece, and other places.