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Operating Systems I

Operating Systems I. History of Operating Systems. Primary Learning Objective. Understand the functions, terminology, and evolution of operating systems. Specific Learning Objectives. Describe the evolution of operating systems used in microcomputers

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Operating Systems I

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  1. Operating Systems I History of Operating Systems

  2. Primary Learning Objective Understand the functions, terminology, and evolution of operating systems

  3. Specific Learning Objectives • Describe the evolution of operating systems used in microcomputers • Understand the continued importance of the Command Line Interface (CLI).

  4. Lesson Overview • How did operating systems and computers evolve? • Why have DOS?

  5. Early History • Computers prior to 1900 were predominantly mechanical machines (gears and levers) • In 1830 the Difference Engine was developed in England by Charles Babbage • In 1890 Herman Hollerith developed a computer that was used to tabulate the US Census • In the 1930s & 1940s computers went from electromechanical to vacuum tubes

  6. World War II Era • Mark I, an electromagnetic device built by IBM for the Navy • Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) built at Iowa State. (the first electronic digital computer) • ENIAC, contained 18,000 vacuum tubes and was one of the most famous of the early computers • Manchester Mark I, the first stored program was adapted by USN for solving fire control problem (big guns)

  7. 1945 - EDVAC • John von Neumann wrote "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC" in which he outlined the architecture of a stored-program computer. • This architecture contained 4 main components. What were they? • Input, CPU, memory, and output

  8. Computer Generations • First – 1951 to 1958: Vacuum tubes, punch cards, & the UNIVAC computer • What are machine, assembly, and high level programming languages? • http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/machine_language.html

  9. Computer Generations • Second – 1959 to 1964: Transistors & higher order languages • Third – 1965 to 1970: integrated circuits, the IBM 360, & minicomputers • Four – 1971 to Present: Microprocessors and personal computers

  10. 1969 - UNIX Operating System • AT&T Bell Laboratories programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system • First widely used operating system • Still commonly used by business and the government

  11. 1976 - CP/M Operating System • Gary Kildall developed CP/M, an operating system for personal computers • Widely adopted, CP/M made it possible for one version of a program to run on a variety of computers built around eight-bit microprocessors

  12. 1981 - IBM PC • IBM introduced its PC, igniting a fast growth of the personal computer market • The first PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system.

  13. 1981 - MS-DOS 1.0 • Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) was the basic software for the newly released IBM PC • Established a long partnership between IBM and Microsoft, which Bill Gates and Paul Allen had founded only six years earlier.

  14. DOS – Disk Operating System • Many of its features were adopted from UNIX • Generic name for three related disk operating systems: PC-DOS, MS-DOS, & IBM-DOS • They all manage software &hardware in similar ways

  15. 1984 - McIntosh • Apple Computer launched the Macintosh, the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphic user interface • A single $1.5 million commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl launched its success • $2,500

  16. Windows Operating Environment • Introduced by Microsoft in 1985 • A software product that performs the same function as an operating system except for booting the system and handling the storage and retrieval of data in files on the disk. • Was dependent on DOS to handle basic file functions in the background • Used for Windows 3.0, 3.1, and 3.11 WFW

  17. 1987 - IBM PS/2 • IBM introduced its PS/2 machines, which made the 3 1/2-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array standard for IBM computers • First IBMs to include Intel's 80386 chip • IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBMs for the first time.

  18. 1989 - WWW Created • Tim Berners-Lee created WWW in Switzerland • Graphical browsers soon followed

  19. 1990 - Windows 3.0 • 16 bit and was still dependent on DOS • The first successful version of Windows finally offered good enough performance to satisfy PC users • Microsoft revamped the interface and created a design that allowed PCs to support large graphical applications for the first time • Allowed multiple programs to run on its Intel 80386 microprocessor.

  20. 1991 – Linux • Created by Linus Torvalds of Finland • A kernel or core operating system that works like UNIX • Freely distributed under the GNU public License (GPL) • Source code is made public unlike Microsoft’s and IBM’s code that is proprietary.

  21. 1993 Windows NT • Windows NT (New Technology), a network operating system that didn’t require DOS to run • Early versions used only on servers • Had NTFS and FAT 16 file systems • Primarily used in corporate and industrial programs

  22. 1995 - Windows 95 • Windows 95 (Chicago) released in July • 16 and 32 bit • Faster than Windows 3x • Multitasking • MS-DOS 7.0 embedded • Network protocols (peer-to-peer) • Plug & Play • Start Menu & Taskbar

  23. 1996 – Windows NT 4.0 • Introduced a network operating system that worked on desktop computers • Didn’t support Plug and Play • Its stability and advanced networking features made it a favorite of business

  24. 1998 - Windows 98 • Windows 98 (Memphis) released • True 32 bit • RAM more manageable • Multithreading • Windows Driver Model (WDM), Better Plug & Play • Web Integration (choice of a web style interface)

  25. 1999 - Windows 2000 Pro • Incorporated Win 9X features into the Win NT product line • Heavy integration with business applications and Internet • Expensive but supports FAT 16, FAT 32, and NTFS • Suited more for businesses than home use

  26. 2001 – Windows XP • More reliable (based on stable Window NT/2000 OS’s that don’t crash or lock up as much) • Less rebooting when making changes to the system • Different interface, personalized menus, better file and folder management • Much higher system requirements

  27. UNIX (1969) CP/M (1975) MS-DOS (1980) PC DOS (1981) Mac OS (1984) IBM PS/2 (1987) Windows 3.0 (1990) Linux (1991) Windows for Workgroups 3.11 (1993) Windows NT (1993) Windows 95 (1995) Windows NT 4.0 (1996) Windows 98 (1998) Windows 2000 (1999) Windows XP (2001) Summary of Operating Systems

  28. Major Differences Between Windows and MS-DOS • Interface is the biggest difference • Command Line Interface (CLI) • Graphical User Interface (GUI) • Processing power • Graphics • Multitasking

  29. Similarities • All versions of DOS and Windows rely on a feature called full path • What is full path? • The full path identifies the exact location of a file and includes the name of the drive, and the sequence of directories (folders) to locate and open that file.

  30. MS-DOS Upgrades • 1982 - Version 1.1 • Upgrade allowed use of dual sided floppy disk • 1983 - Version 2.0 • Upgrade allowed use of hard disk drives and device drivers • 1984 - Version 3.0 • Supported 80286 microprocessor & networks

  31. MS-DOS Upgrades Continued • 1988 - Version 4.0 • Allowed 512 MB disk partitions • 1991 - Version 5.0 • Improved memory management • 1993 - Version 6.0 • Numerous utilities added & virus protection • 1994 - Version 6.22 • Last standalone version of MS-DOS

  32. MS-DOS Upgrades Continued • 1995 - Version 7.0 • embedded within Windows 95 • no longer a stand alone version • 1998 - Version 7.1 • embedded within Windows 98

  33. Is CLI Relevant Today? • System crashes (You can always boot your PC with DOS on a floppy) • Removing computer viruses • Troubleshooting system, software, and hardware problems • Configuring legacy devices • Network administration, setup, installation, configuration, and troubleshooting • Commands are used to create scripts or batch files

  34. Homework Assignment • Reading • Windows XP Textbook – Chapter One • CLI Textbook - pp. 21-26, 39-43 • Handout • Lab Exercise • OS Types • Homework • Glossary 2 • Due Date: Next Week

  35. Reference • Windows 98 Textbook • DOS Textbook • Internet • http://www.cciw.com/content/neumann.html • Metro Lab

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