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Operating Systems I

Operating Systems I. Managing Your Disks. Primary Learning Objective. Execute Routine Disk Management Techniques. Specific Learning Objectives. Identify and define the terms associated with disk management Identify and rename a disk Determine the size and free space available on a disk.

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Operating Systems I

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  1. Operating Systems I Managing Your Disks

  2. Primary Learning Objective Execute Routine Disk Management Techniques

  3. Specific Learning Objectives • Identify and define the terms associated with disk management • Identify and rename a disk • Determine the size and free space available on a disk. • Format a disk using the GUI and FORMAT command • Copy a floppy disk using the GUI and DISKCOPY command

  4. Specific Learning Objectives • Describe disk maintenance processes such as Defrag, Scandisk, Disk Cleanup, and Scheduling Utilities • Describe the backup process on an individual computer • Use the VOL, Label, XCOPY, and DIR commands for disk management

  5. Floppy Disk Storage A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide. The platters, the actual disks inside the hard drive that store the magnetized data, have traditionally been made of a light aluminum alloy and coated with a magnetizable ferrite compound

  6. Floppy Disk Storage 3.5” Floppy disk High-density indicator hole Write-protect window Drive hub Spring-loaded access cover

  7. Before the data is stored, particles are randomly scattered The read-write head Magnetizing the particles

  8. Formatting creates a series of concentric tracks

  9. One sector on a track holds 512 bytes of data. The tracks on a disk are divided into wedge-shaped sectors.

  10. Clusters • One or more sectors used by an operating system as the minimum storage space for a file or a part of a file when it allocates storage space on a drive to a file. • Also call an allocation unit.

  11. Drive Properties • How do you access a drive’s properties? • The properties dialog box has several functions besides giving us the name, size, and amount of free space. Some include: • Access disk maintenance tools • Provide hardware information and troubleshooting • Enable sharing and security

  12. Disk Information in CLI • VOL – Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist. • Label – Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. • DIR – Displays the number of files and directories in the current directory and the amount of free space on the drive. • CHKDSK - Checks a disk and displays a status report.

  13. Format a Disk • Before use a disk must be formatted so data can be saved on it. • Formatting options include: • Quick(Erases all information from the disk, but doesn't scan the disk for damaged areas. Only works on disks that have previously been formatted.) • Enable Compression(only on NTFS drives) • Create an MS-DOS startup disk • In CLI, use FORMAT (/s makes a bootable disk and /Q is for a quick format)

  14. Copy a Floppy Disk • Used to make an exact copy of the source floppy disk • The disks must be the same type and density • All information on the destination floppy will be deleted. • Open MY Computer or Windows Explorer and right-click on the floppy drive and selct Copy Disk • In CLI, use the DISKCOPY command DISKCOPY A: A:

  15. Disk Maintenance • Computers require routing maintenance to keep them running at peak performance and to correct/prevent problems. • Some of these tasks include defragmenting, fixing errors on your hard disk, and freeing up space on your hard disk and backing up and restoring information on the hard disk. • You must be logged on as the computer’s administrator to complete these tasks.

  16. Disk Defragmenter • Fragmentation occurs when the files on a disk are divided into pieces scattered around the disk. It occurs naturally when you modifying files frequently. • Where do you find the defrag tool? • Open My Computer/Explorer, right-click on a drive, select Properties, click the Tools tab, and click Defragment Now button. System Tools • In CLI, type DEFRAG

  17. Defragmentation

  18. Defragmentation

  19. Defragmentation

  20. Disk Defragmenter Do’s and Don’t’s • The process can take up to several hours • Touching Windows will cause Disk Defragmenter to start over. • Run Error-checking first since you can’t defrag a disk containing errors • In XP, it optimizes your disk by placing the programs you use most often a the beginning of the hard drive.

  21. Repairing Disk Errors • Normal wear and tear causes errors to appear on your hard drive which affects performance • Error-checking, a hard drive repair program, can diagnose and easily fix most of the damage • To use: Tools tab of Properties or System Tools • There are two types of tests: • “Automatically fix errors” • “Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors”

  22. Error-Checking

  23. Freeing Up Space • Over time Windows creates unnecessary files that take up space. See Table 5-1 on page 147 • Open My Computer/Explorer, right-click on a drive, select Properties, click the General tab, and click Disk Cleanup button. System Tools • Other options to free up space: • Remove unnecessary programs • Remove unnecessary Windows components

  24. Disk Cleanup Utility

  25. Backup • Common causes for loss of data include user errors, hardware/software failure, and damage by viruses • A backup is a copy of data or key OS files • At the user level you can backup or restore using the built-in backup utility • Click the Start button and select All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Backup • It uses a wizard to help you select files for backup

  26. Backup

  27. Backup

  28. Backup

  29. Scheduling Tasks • Windows can automatically perform maintenance programs such as Error-checking or Disk Cleanup on a regular basis for you • Click the Start button and select All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Scheduled Tasks • Select the program to be schedule, how often to run it, and then specify when it is to run

  30. Task Scheduler

  31. Task Scheduler

  32. Task Scheduler

  33. Summary • Disk Nomenclature • Drive Properties • Formatting • Diskcopy • Defrag • Scandisk • Disk Cleanup • Backup • Scheduling Tasks

  34. Homework Assignment • Reading • Windows XP Textbook – pp 137-149 • CLI Textbook - pp. 34-39, pp114-116 • Lab Exercise 9: Perform Routine Disk Management • Due Date: A Week from Next Tuesday

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