1 / 18

Acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia. Dr Ramadas Nayak Professor & HOD Pathology Yenepoya Medical College Mangaluru. ACUTE LEUKEMIA. Definition Acute leukemia is a malignant disease of the bone marrow stem cell and its c haracteristic features are:

hall
Download Presentation

Acute myeloid leukemia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Acute myeloid leukemia Dr Ramadas Nayak Professor & HOD Pathology Yenepoya Medical College Mangaluru

  2. ACUTE LEUKEMIA • Definition • Acute leukemia is a malignant disease of the bone marrow stem cell and its characteristic features are: • Bone marrow: Diffuse replacement with proliferating neoplastic blast cells that fail to mature. • Blast cells more than 20% (WHO criteria) of the nucleated cells in the marrow. • Peripheral blood: Abnormal numbers and forms of immature white blood cells.

  3. ACUTE LEUKEMIA • Aleukemic/subleukemic leukemia is characterized by very few/no blasts in the peripheral blood. • Acute leukemia are mainly divided into two groups, namely acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML).

  4. Classification • Traditional classification depending on microscopic appearance of the involved cell and the course of leukemias.

  5. FAB Classification of Acute Leukemias • French, American and British (FAB) classification (1976) was based on the (1) morphological and (2) cytochemical characteristics of blast cells. • Revised FAB classification . It includes: • 1. Morphology and cytochemistry of blast cells • 2. Immunophenotyping • 3. Cytogenetics • 4. Molecular genetics.

  6. WHO classification of AML

  7. ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA • Definition: • Neoplasm of hematopoietic progenitors characterized by proliferation resulting in accumulation of immature myeloblasts in the marrow.

  8. Laboratory Findings • Peripheral Blood • Total WBC Count: Markedly raised, ranging from 20 × 109/L to 100 × 109 /L. • Hemoglobin: Decreased and ranges from 5 to 9 g/dL.

  9. Peripheral smear • RBCs: Normocytic normochromic type of anemia.

  10. Peripheral smear • WBCs: • Total WBC count markedly increased. • Differential count: • More than 20% myeloid blasts. May show more than one type of blast or blasts with hybrid features.

  11. Peripheral smear • WBCs: • Morphology of myeloblasts: • 3 to 5 times larger than the diameter of a small lymphocyte. • High N:C ratio. • Fine nuclear chromatin with 2–4 variably prominent nucleoli. • More cytoplasm than lymphoblasts—azurophilic, peroxidase-positive granules. • Presence of Auer rods is definitive evidence of myeloid differentiation. • Auer rods are azurophilic needle-like peroxidase-positive structures in the cytosol of myeloblasts (M2 and M3 subtype).

  12. Cytochemistry of Myeloblasts • Stain positively with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Sudan black B. • Monoblastsstain with nonspecific esterases.

  13. Peripheral smear • Platelets: Moderate to severe thrombocytopenia and causes bleeding from skin and mucosa.

  14. BONE MARROW • Cellularity: Markedly hypercellular. • Erythropoiesis: Markedly suppressed. • Myelopoiesis: Suppression of myeloid maturation and myeloblasts constitute more than 20% of marrow cells. • Megakaryopoiesis: Gradually decreased.

More Related