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Consider a steelyard as in the picture . We know that the steelyard is in equilibrium .

Consider a steelyard as in the picture . We know that the steelyard is in equilibrium . Where’s the fulcrum ? Where does the normal force act ? Determine the normal force and the lever arm b c . F c = 5N F x =20N b x = 10cm b c = ? F n = ?. Mechanical advantage.

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Consider a steelyard as in the picture . We know that the steelyard is in equilibrium .

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  1. Consider a steelyardas in the picture. Weknowthat the steelyardis in equilibrium. Where’s the fulcrum? Wheredoes the normal force act? Determine the normal force and the leverarmbc. Fc= 5N Fx=20N bx=10cm bc= ? Fn= ?

  2. Mechanical advantage • The LOAD divided by the EFFORT iscalled the MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE M.A.= L/E A mechanicaladvantagegreaterthanonemeansthat the loadovercomeisgreaterthan the effort, youhave an advantageusing the machine. Considering the inclinedplane M.A.= W/W// = l/h

  3. LEVER We call LEVER anyrigidobjectnwhichispivotedabout an axiscalled the FULCRUM (F). The Load and the Efford can be applied on either or the same side. According to the side the forces are appliedwedefine THREE classes of lever: • Class 1 (crowbar) L= 1000N E= 25NbL=5cm bE= ?

  4. We can think to moveanything with a little force, it’senough to use levers with a long arm • In class 1 levers the pivot isbetweenLoad and Effort. • How muchis the mechanicalavantage ? For Equilibrium L•bL-E•bE= 0 L/E= bE/bL Wehave an advantageusing a class 1 leverwhenbE>bL

  5. Lever class2 • Load between Effort and Fulcrum , M.A. > 1 because bE>bL

  6. Lever class 3 effort pivot load Effort between Load and Fulcrum , M.A. < 1 because bE < bL

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