Unit 4

1. Unit 4

2. 基础知识自测

3. 一﹑单词拼写 请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1. ___________ [bE:st] v. 爆裂，爆发 2. ___________ [ruin] n. &v.废墟，毁灭 3. ___________ [iks5tri:m] adj.极端的，极度的 4.____________ [5indVE] v.损害，伤害 5.____________ [dis5trCi] vt. 破坏，毁坏 6. ____________[5ju:slis] adj.无用的，无效的 7. ____________[FCk] n. & vt.震惊，震动 8. ____________[5reskju:] n. & v.援救 9. ____________[5fraitn] vt. 使惊吓 10. ___________[dVQdV] v. & n.判断，法官 burst ruin extreme injure destroy useless shock rescue frighten judge 一般电脑都缺少音标字体，所以音标显示不正常 把金山音标拷贝到C:\WINDOWS\Fonts里边就可以正常显示音标了

4. 11. ____________ [iks5pres] vt.表达 12. ____________ [5sQfEriN] n.苦难， 痛苦 13. ____________ [sin5siEli] adv.真诚地，真挚地 14. ____________ [5beri] vt.埋葬，掩埋 15.___________[trAp] n. & vt. 陷阱，使 陷入困境 16. ______________ [sE5vaivE] n.幸存者 17. ______________ [Ilek5trIsItI] n.电 18. ______________ [di5zB:stE] n.灾难，灾祸 19. ______________ [kEn7^rAtju5leiFEn] n. 祝贺 20._______________ [kE5nAl] n.运河，水道 express suffering sincerely bury trap survivor electricity disaster congratulation canal

5. 二﹑单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。 1. A lot of pipes ________and tens of thousands of house were ________ in the earthquake. 2. The _________ weather _____ ___the natives a lot of whom were __________ 3. Cars were _______ as almost all roads and bridges were _________. People were __________as no one came to their_______ after disaster happened. 4. The plaintiffs __________their gratitude to the __________ who extended justice for them. burst ruined extreme shocked injured useless destroyed frightened rescue expressed judges

6. survivors 5. He was one of the __________ in the earthquake. (survive) 6. Suez _______ is controlled by Egypt. 7. Without ___________, our world would become dark and totally different. (electrical) 8. We all show sympathy with him who has experienced so many __________ (suffer) 9. I would like to express my _________________ on you for your great success in the competition. 10. I am _________ sorry for the trouble I have caused to you. (sincere) canal electricity sufferings Congratulations sincerely

7. 三﹑词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The food smells so _______. We should throw it away. (smell) 2. The entire nation consider it a ___________ pride to host the Olympic Games (nation) 3. Alex’s mother ____________ her dissatisfaction with his room in which all windows and floor were covered with ______. (expression/dirty) 4. Fortunately, all miners trapped in the mines survived though some ___________ suffered minor __________. ( survive/injure) 5. This is ____________ news to all of us as we never expected he would lose the game. (shock) 6. The conditions there are ____________ difficult. Please take more equipment, which may be very_____________ for you. (extreme/ use) smelly national expressed dirt injuries survivors shocking extremely useful

8. 四﹑词组互译 将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。 1.________________ 立刻，马上 2.________________ 突然 3._________________ 仿佛，好像 4._________________ 结束，终结 5._________________ 成为废墟，破败不堪 6._________________ 挖掘，发现 7.___________________ 大量的 8.______________________ 对…… 不重视 9.______________________ 成千上万的 10.____________________ 三分之二 right away burst into/out as if at an end in ruins dig out a (great) number think little of tens of thousands of two-thirds of

9. 11. be too nervous to eat _______________ 12. rescue …from… ___________________ 13. to the north of the city ______________ 14. jump out of ____________________ 15. describe to sb ______________ 16. everywhere they look ____________ 17. useless pieces of steel ____________ 18. fall down ___________________ 19. rescue workers _______________ 20. congratulations on sb _________________ 太紧张而不吃东西 从 中拯救出来 城市以北 从 ……跳出来 向某人描述 目光所及之处 废铁 倒塌， 倒下 救援人员 向某人祝贺

10. 五﹑词组运用 词组填空 根据句子所提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当形式填空。 1. ________________ spectators _________ laughter as the performance was so amusing. 2. You should leave for the meeting ____________as it is going to be __________soon. 3. The old house lay________. So the owner had to ______ his valuables in the dust with shovels. 4. ___________ of people interviewed _______________ what had happened, which led to ____________________ casualties. 5. It seems _________ it is going to rain again. Let’s move inside. A great number of burst into right away at an end dig out in ruins thought little of Two-thirds tens of thousands of as if

11. 翻译句子 根据汉语意识，从第四大题中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。 6 救援人员从倒塌的房子中找到了一个幸存者。 The rescue workers found a survivor ________________________________ 7 目光所及之处，所有都成为了废墟。 Everywhere we looked,___________________________ 8 他向我们描述了他是如何从废墟中被救出来的。 He described to us how ____________________________ 9 在这个城市以北是一座大型的炼油厂。 ________________________________________. in the house that had fallen down. all lay in ruins. he was rescued from the ruins. There is a large oil plant to the north of this city.

12. 六、介词填空  请用恰当的介词填空。 1. No one helped me. I did it allmyself. 2. If you keep ______, you’ll succeed time. 3. Judging ___________ his accent, he must come ________ Sichuan. 4. Only ______ this way can you succeed. 5. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. by on in from/by from in With

13. to for 6. I owe thanks ______ you ______ your unselfish help. 7. She has been married _____ a young worker. 8. ----What time is it now? ---- It is seven______ my watch. 9. The tables in that restaurant are so close together that there’s little space _________ them. 10. I feel that one of my main duties _____ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. to by between as

14. Language Data Bank

15. Phrases in the text rise and fall smelly gas come out of jump out of crack and burst fall down think little of one-third/two thirds cut across in ruins at an end be injured thousands of be left without parents blow away useless pieces of steel give milk tens of thousands of instead of hundreds of thousands of rescue workers coal mines dig out fresh water Language points

16. 分数表达法:分子用基数（one, two…)，分母用序数词 ( first, second…)，当分子超过1时，分母的词尾加s. 1/3: one third 2/3: two thirds 1/4: one fourth (a/one quarter) 1/5: one fifth 3/5: three fifths 2 4/5: two and four fifths 1/2: a half 或 one half (例外)

17. 百分数表达法： 百分数 + 单n + 单谓；百分数+复n +复谓 75%： seventy-five percent 90%: ninety percent ▲More than 70% of the surface of the earthis covered by water. ▲40% of the students in our schoolare girls.

18. 数词 + 量词 + 形容词 two hundred kilometers away两百公里远 eight kilometers long八公里长 thirty meters wide三十米宽 四米深 four meters deep 五米高 five meters high 六米厚 six meters thick The train is seven minutes late. My watch is eight minutes fast. (adj 快的)

19. Imagine your home begins to shake and • you must leave it right away. • imagine: form a mental picture • imagine + n. /pron • imagine sb. to be • shake : cause to move to and fro

20. right away : at once ; in no time ; immediately right now : at this very moment Make up your mind___________. I’ll return the book___________. right now right away

21. 2. rise vi. & raise vt. He _____from his chair when the door bell rang. Her job is _______chickens. Her temperature is still______. He ________in rank recently. rose raising rising has risen

22. out of 3. A ______ gas came ___ __ the cracks. smelly smelly :smell+ y = adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled) They were all hungry and the food ______good. I can ______something burning in the kitchen. Please throw the _______fish away. smelt smell smelly

23. 4. … the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _____. burst burst : to come open or flyapart suddenly The balloon suddenly burst. burst into + n. Some robbers burst into that house. burst out burst out + doing They burst out laughing.

24. burst into+ n. burst out + doing…… He burst into laughter. = He burst out laughing He burst into tears. = He burst out crying.

25. at an end 5. It seemed as if the world was __ ___ ___. Compare:at the end of by the end of in the end at the end of用于表示具体事物或场所的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意;by the end of用于表示时间的场合到……结束的时候，用语过去完成时态; in the end意思“最后、终于”。

26. 1) . His father will return home ___________this year. 2) . He will be a scientist__________. 3) . How many English words had you learned ____________ last term? at the end of in the end by the end of as if好像；似乎；仿佛。 She was sitting there as if nothing had happened.

27. 6. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in_____. ruins lie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain state in ruins : severely damaged or destroyed Compare: ruin ; destroy ; damage

28. 　①damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与to something 连用。 The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 　②destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。 The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.

29. ③ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”、 “弄糟”解;用作名词时,它表示 “毁灭”、 “瓦解”、 “废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。 The fire ruined the castle. The house has fallen into ruin. The company is facing ruin.

30. The village ___in ruins after the war. These machines have ____idle since the factory closed. An earthquake left the whole town_______. His career is________. lay lain in ruins in ruins

31. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was_________. destroyed He ______ his girl friend’s prospects ruined Soft wood ________easily. damages

32. lie 与lay的区别 口诀:规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”，躺过就“下蛋”。(lie当“说谎”用，它的过去式和过去分词都为lied，而当“躺”用时，它的过去式为“下蛋”即lay)

33. 7. Two-thirdsof the them died or were _______ during the earthquake. injured More than 61% of the surface of the earth ____covered by water. Seventy percent of the workers in this factory ____young. is are injure: to hurt oneself/ sb. / sth. physically

34. Compare: injure ; hurt ; wound Their criticisms _________him deeply. Smoking will ________his health. He was slightly ________in the car accident. He got _________in the fighting. What you said _____my feeling. have hurt injured injured wounded hurt

35. 8. People were shocked. shock: v 震惊、打击 I was shocked by his rudeness. ▲be shocked at对…感到吃惊 We were shocked at the bad news. ▲be shocked to do sth因做某事而吃惊 I was shocked to learn that he had failed in the exam. ▲be shocked that … I was shocked that he had failed in the exam.

36. shock：n. 打击；震惊， 震动 The news of his wife’s death was a terrible shock to him. shocking : adj. 使人震惊的 His failure in the exam was shocking to his parents.

37. 9. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins: n 救援、救助 a rescue team 营救队 ▲ come/go to sb’s rescue营救某人 v 援救、营救 ▲ rescue…from… The firemen rescued a boy from the fire.

38. 10.People began to ________how long the disaster would last. wonder wonder : v. A. to have a feeling of surprise. B. to be filled with curiosity or doubt. n. one that arouses astonishment, surprise ; admiration It is no wonder (that)= No wonder (that)

39. disaster n 灾难、灾祸 ① Too much water can cause disaster. 引起灾难、惹祸 ② Disasters always come in three. 祸不单行

40. ---Tom often works deep into the night every day. ---No wonder he always gets first in the examinations.

41. 10. All hope was not lost. all…not … = not all…;some… but not all Not all the children are left. (= Only some of them left early.) Not all the children are noisy. (= Some of the children are not noisy.) none of ….. None of us were allowed to go there. None of these reports is very helpful.

42. 11. … bury the dead. bury : A. to place in the ground B. to occupy (oneself) with deep concentration; absorb The dog buried the bone in the ground. I buried myself in my studies. bury oneself in= be buried in devote oneself to= be devoted to

43. 选用单词的适当形式填空 1. The flood d________ a lot of houses and many people became homeless. 2. After e_______ was cut off, the lights went out. 3. D______ always come suddenly and cause a lot of damage. 4. The f________ girl was speechless after she saw the terrible scene. 5. A car accident happened with two people killed and one seriously i______. estroyed lectricity isasters rightened injured

44. 6. St. Petersburg was almost in r____ after it was under attack for 900 days by the Germans. 7. The rescue workers put up a lot of tents so that the homeless survivors could be s______. 8. The river b______ its banks and flooded the village. 9. They were badly s______ by the news of her death uins heltered urst hocked shaken

45. 选择题 • The work must be done______. • A. right away B. right now • C. at once D. all the above 2. He _____ his voice so that everyone could hear him. A. lifted B. rose C. held D. raised 3. The death of his wife was a terrible ____ to him. A. knock B. shock C. surprising D. experience

46. 4. _____ for the worst, and you won’t feel too sad if you fail. • Preparing B. Prepare • C. To prepare D. Prepared • 5.They tried to prevent their cows from ____ . • injury B. injuring C. being injured D. hurting • _____of people came to the meeting from • all over the country. • A. Many B. A number • C. The number D. A plenty of

47. I will go shopping with her _____my mother. • instead of B. instead • C. in fact D. instead with 8. There was a strange man at the gate ____ something to the little girl. A. said B. says C. to say D. saying 9.____ seen the film, so everybody wants to see it. • All the students haven’t • Any students haven’t • C. As nobody has D. None of us has

48. 10. Do you want to go biking with me? -----Yes .I’d love to­. _____my bike is broken A. But B. And C. Sorry D. However 11. _____ were sent to hospital and the ____ were buried. A. The injury, the death B. The injuring, the dying C. The injured, the dead D. The injured, the died 12. About ____ of the workers in that steel works ____ young people. A. third fifths, are B. three fifths, are C. three fifths, is D. three fifth, are

49. Grammar The Attributive Clause 定语从句

50. Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.