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1D Motion

1D Motion . Also known as linear motion. Units. Base – . Directly measured. >. Distance (position) Displacement Time. Meters (m) Kilometers (km). Seconds (s), Minutes (min) Hours (h). Derived -. Calculated/Combination of Units. >. Speed Velocity. Meters/second (m/s)

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1D Motion

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  1. 1D Motion Also known as linear motion

  2. Units Base – Directly measured > • Distance (position) • Displacement • Time Meters (m) Kilometers (km) Seconds (s), Minutes (min) Hours (h) Derived - Calculated/Combination of Units > • Speed • Velocity Meters/second (m/s) Kilometers/hour (km/h) Meters / seconds2 (m/s2) • Acceleration

  3. Dimensional Analysis(Converting Units) • Use factor label method (T chart) • Fraction • Same units must be OPPOSITE each other • So they will cancel out

  4. Example #1 • If simply moving the decimal, can use KHDBDCH • Convert 2.1 cm to m • Start at C, move to B • Left 2 places • In the #, locate the decimal and move left 2 places • 2.1 cm becomes 0.021 m

  5. Example #2 Convert 35 km/h to m/s 1000 m 1 h 35km 1min 35(1)(1)(1000) = 1 km 60min 1h 60s 1(60)(60)(1) 35000 9.72 = m/s 3600

  6. Scalar vs. Vector Quantities • Scalar – number (magnitude) • Vector – number with direction

  7. Examples • The student traveled to get to school on time. Scalar • The student traveled to get to school on time. Vector 55 mph 55 mph north

  8. Distance vs. Displacement • Distance – TOTAL amount traveled • Displacement – DIFFERENCE between starting and ending points (-) direction South, West, Left, Down (+) direction North, East, Right, Up

  9. Example During the Coca-Cola 600 held at Lowe’s Motor Speedway in May. How far do the cars travel during the race? What is the total displacement of each car during the race? Distance 600 miles Displacement 0 miles

  10. Speed vs. Velocity • Speed – scalar • Velocity - vector (# only) (# & direction) Distance Time Average vs. Instantaneous Average – TOTAL D & TOTAL T Instantaneous – D & T at a SPECIFIC moment

  11. You take a trip to your friends house that lives 370 km west of your house. You leave your house at 10 am and arrive at your friends house at 3 pm. What was your velocity as you traveled to your friends house? You take a trip to your friends house that lives 370 km west of your house. You leave your house at 10 am going west for 140 km before you stop to eat lunch at 12 pm. You get out of your car, stretch your legs, use the restroom, and eat lunch. You finish all of this and head out towards your friends house again by 12:45 pm. You travel another 100 km before you stop again to use the restroom. The line is long and you need a drink to refresh yourself, so your stop takes you about 10 minutes before you are off again. Finally, you arrive at your friends house at 3 pm. What was your velocity as you traveled to your friends house?

  12. Graphical Analysis Positive Velocity Negative Velocity No Movement

  13. Average Acceleration • The change in velocity an object undergoes in a certain amount of time. • Acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity final time – initial time a = v t • Vector • Positive • direction or speeding up Negative direction or slowing down

  14. Example A shuttle bus slows to a stop with an average acceleration of -1.8 m/s2. How long does it take the bus to slow from 9.0 m/s to 0.0 m/s? a = v t -1.8 = 0.0 – 9.0 x -1.8 = -9.0 x X = -9.0 -1.8 x = t = 5.0 s

  15. Graphical Analysis

  16. Constant Acceleration Equations used for constant acceleration problems (same throughout the movement) (no sudden take offs or brake slamming) x = ½ (vi + vf) t x = vi (t) + ½a (t)2 vf = vi + a(t) vf2 = vi2 + 2a(x)

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