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Future of Marine Diesel Engines

Future of Marine Diesel Engines. John Deere Power Systems Deere & Co. 4045DFM 4045TFM. 6068TFM. 6081AFM. 6125AFM. Deere Power Systems Group Manufacturing Sites. Saran, France. Waterloo, Iowa. Dubuque, Iowa. P OWER T ECH 2.9 L, 4.5 L & 6.8 L. P OWER T ECH 8.1 L, 10.5 L, 12.5 L.

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Future of Marine Diesel Engines

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  1. Future ofMarine Diesel Engines John Deere Power Systems Deere & Co.

  2. 4045DFM 4045TFM 6068TFM 6081AFM 6125AFM

  3. Deere Power Systems Group Manufacturing Sites Saran, France Waterloo, Iowa Dubuque, Iowa POWERTECH 2.9 L, 4.5 L & 6.8 L POWERTECH 8.1 L, 10.5 L, 12.5 L POWERTECH 4.5 L & 6.8 L Torreon, Mexico Pune, India Series 300 Rosario, Argentina POWERTECH 4.5 L & 6.8 L Series 300

  4. Local Distributor Slide

  5. Robert Fulton’sLetter to an engine manufacturer in 1794

  6. Innovations Leading to Today’sMarine Diesel Engines 1800 - 1900 • 1807 Robert Fulton sails the paddlewheel steamboat Clermont, dubbed “Fulton’s Folly”, up the Hudson • 1839 John Ericsson invents the screw propeller • 1840 SS Great Britain (322 ft LOA) is the first screw driven iron ship to cross the Atlantic • 1876 Nikolaus Otto designs the first four stroke gasoline engine • 1886 Ottomobile is developed by Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler • 1886 First oil tanker, the “Gluckauf”, is built in England • 1892 Rudolph Diesel patents the compression ignition engine • 1894 Diesel's engine runs for the first time • 1899 Chris & Henry Smith (Chris Craft) put a gasoline engine into a recreational boat

  7. Innovations Leading to Today’sMarine Diesel Engines1900-1918 • 1900 Automobile is welcomed to New York City to bring relief from manure pollution • 1901 Oil Drilling begins in Persian Gulf region • 1912 Maiden voyage of the “Selandia”, the first diesel powered ocean going ship • 1913 Rudolph Diesel drowns at sea • 1913 Charles Kettering invents electric starter and engine generator at his Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) • 1916 General Motors buys DELCO and makes Kettering head of GM Laboratory • 1918 John Deere buys Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co.

  8. HISTORIC JOHN DEERE ENGINES “Waterloo Boy” • 1911“Waterloo Boy” (1.5 hp @ 500 rpm & cost $32) • In 1918, Deere & Co. acquired the Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co. in Waterloo, Iowa. This was John Deere’s first venture into internal combustion engines.

  9. HISTORICJOHN DEERE ENGINES Model “E”” • 1929 Model “E” Gas Engine (6 hp @ 600 rpm) • First engine to have John Deere name and green & yellow colors

  10. Innovations Leading to Today’sMarine Diesel Engines 1938-1959 • 1938 GM Laboratory develops Detroit Diesel Series 71 diesel engine • 1939 Carl Kiekhaefer starts Kiekhaefer Mercury • 1941 Thousands of Series 71 diesel engines built for W.W.II landing craft • 1949 Deere introduced their first diesel tractor • 1954 First production of turbo diesel trucks • 1959 Volvo Aquadrive designed by Jim Wynne is introduced

  11. HISTORIC JOHN DEERE ENGINES In 1962 the 6 cyl. 531 cu. in. Series 500 engines were introduced in the 5010 Tractor. In 1960 the 4 cyl. 254 cu. in. and 6 cyl. 381 cu. in. were introduced. These were the first Deere in-line multi-cylinder diesels.

  12. Innovations Leading to Today’sMarine Diesel Engines 1960 - 2000 • 1964 Cummins produces VT8-370 marine engine at 370 hp • 1972 Caterpillar introduces 3208 marine at 165 hp • 1975 to 1982 Deere engines marinized by American Marine, Alaska Diesel (Lugger) & Moteurs Baudouin (France) • 1988 First production Electronic Unit Injector (EUI) engine in a truck • 1991 Deere markets first Deere designed marine engines • 1996 EUI launched in off highway applications by John Deere

  13. HISTORIC JOHN DEERE ENGINES • In 1972 the first engines were sold to customers outside of John Deere. • In 1987 Deere Power Systems Group is formed in Waterloo, Iowa. • In 1995POWERTECHEngines were introduced. From 1978 - 1988 the 8 cyl. 955 cu. in. engine (V-8) Series 700 was produced.

  14. Marine Engine Power Growth

  15. Looking to the Future • Marine engine design in the future will be defined by engine emissions regulations

  16. Marine Engine Emissions Regulations • What is regulated? • NOx – Nitrous Oxides • VOC’s – Volatile Organic Compounds or hydrocarbons (HC) • CO – Carbon Monoxide • PM – Particulate Matter (soot)

  17. Marine Emissions Tiers • Tier I • 9.8 g/kW-hr NOx • 1.0 g/kW-hr PM • Tier II • 7.2 g/kW-hr NOx • 0.2 g/kW-hr PM • 5.0 g/kW-hr CO • Not-to-Exceed Zone limits

  18. Marine Emissions Tiers

  19. Marine Engine Tier I Emissions Standards • Bodensee Stage 2 (1996) • US EPA Recreational Rule for gasoline outboards (1999 model year) & personal watercraft (2000 model year) • US EPA under 37 kW Rule for diesel engines (1999) • International Maritime Organization MARPOL Annex VI (retroactive to 2000)

  20. NOx vs. PM Trade-off

  21. Technology Requiredto meet Tier I • Evolutionary Changes to Engine Design • Retarded Fuel Injection Timing • Fuel economy goes DOWN  • Heat rejection to coolant goes UP  • Longer cranking time when starting • Reentrant Piston Bowl Design • Combustion System Optimization • Tamperproof Emissions Adjustments • Sea Water Aftercooling for a few engines • A few engines dropped from production

  22. IMO MARPOL Annex VI Applications for EPA Voluntary Compliance Certificates being submitted

  23. Canadian Marine EngineEmissions Legislation • Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), 1999 • Environmental Performance Agreements • Marine Engine MOU • Outboard Motors & Personal Watercraft (PWC) • Voluntary compliance to US EPA Standards • Effective in 2001

  24. Pending US Marine EngineEmissions Legislation • US EPA Commercial Marine Rule for diesel engines (effective starting 2004) • US EPA Recreational Marine Rule for diesels and gasoline inboard engines • California Air Resources Board - Harbor Craft Workgroup • Houston-Galveston State Implementation Plan (SIP)

  25. Pending InternationalMarine EngineEmissions Legislation • Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine (CCNR) in central Europe - effective January 1, 2002 • EC Recreational Craft Directive 94/25 may be effective by 2003 • IMO Tier II - no proposal yet

  26. Tier II Levels2004 to 2008 US EPA Commercial Diesel Rule Emission Limits for 6.8L to 15L liter engines* • 7.2 g/kW-hr NOx • 0.2 g/kW-hr PM • 5.0 g/kW-hr CO • Not-to-Exceed Zone limits * Other displacements have higher limits

  27. Tier II Technology • Engine Electronics • Higher Pressure Fuel Injection Systems • Sea Water Aftercooling • Closed vent systems

  28. Engine Electronics • Flexible Engine Control • Performance Optimized for Emissions • Output Engine Power for EPA In-Use NTE Zone Measurements • Compensation for Ambient Air & Fuel Temperature • Engine Protection Features More on Electronics Later!

  29. High Pressure Fuel Injection • Inject Fuel in a shorter time • More Precise & Flexible Injection Timing Control • Better Air / Fuel Mixing • Less Soot Formation

  30. Cool Intake Air • Sea Water Aftercooling for Lowest Possible Air Temperature into Cylinder • Reduces NOx, but causes other problems • “White Smoke” at startup & idle • Condensation in Intake Manifold

  31. Effect of Air Temperature into cylinderon Emissions and Fuel Economy

  32. Engine Aspiration & NOx Formation

  33. Closed Crankcase Vent System • Closed crankcase vent system • Vent Gases included in engine emissions By-pass Indicator

  34. How Will Tier II Affect You? • Sea Water Aftercooled engines have the lowest NOx potential • Engine Water Aftercooled engines probably will not meet Tier II emissions • Turbocharged only engines may not meet Tier II emissions • Naturally Aspirated engines must be derated to meet Tier II emissions

  35. Tier III Technology2008 & beyond • Advanced Turbocharging • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) • Injection Timing Control • Combustion Chamber Refinements • Aftertreatment – deNOx catalysts • Soot Traps and Catalysts • Low Sulfur Fuel • Improved Lube Oil

  36. Advanced Turbocharging • Variable Geometry Turbo or Wastegate Turbo • Adjust Turbocharger Performance to Better Match Engine Needs • More Air at Low Speeds • Controlled Engine Acceleration • Optimize EGR Performance

  37. Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) • Return small amounts of Exhaust Gas to intake when NOx formation is Highest • Prevents combination of Nitrogen and Oxygen • Cool vs. Hot EGR

  38. New Fuel for Tier III • New Diesel Fuel Technology • Water Injection • Water / Fuel Emulsion • Fuel Additives • Bio-Diesel • Soy Bean or Corn based • Natural Gas (CNG or LNG) Liquid Propane (LP) is Hazardous on a Boat

  39. The End of Part 1

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