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Physics and Measurement Essentials for IB SL: Magnitude, Units, and Sig Figs

Explore the realm of physics through magnitude estimation, SI units, conversion factors, significant figures, uncertainty, and scientific notation. Master measurements with detailed exercises and examples in this comprehensive guide. Learn how to convert units with metric prefixes and handle uncertainties in calculations with precision. Enhance your understanding of graphing techniques to visualize data effectively.

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Physics and Measurement Essentials for IB SL: Magnitude, Units, and Sig Figs

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  1. TOPIC 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT IB SL PHYSICS GARCIA GOHS

  2. TOPIC 1.1: The Realm of Physics • Magnitude: • Estimations of size, often using powers of ten. • Useful when dealing with very large/small amounts • Make comparisons to known amounts

  3. Magnitude exercises • How high is a two-story house in meters? • Solution: • How high is the ceiling compared to you? • How tall are you? • Approx. height of room then multiply by two.

  4. 1.2 Measurement and Uncertainties • S.I. system of measurement • “Systeme International” • Fundamental: base units • Derived: two or more base units combined

  5. 1.2 Measurement and Uncertanties • Units • Metric system • Accuracy vs. Precision • Significant Figures in calculations

  6. Fundamental SI units

  7. Derived SI units

  8. Conversion Factors • Conversion Factor: ratio of equal units to convert from one unit to the other. • 4 quarters/1 dollar = 1; etc… • Factor Label Method: units used for mathematical conversion of measurements • 12 dollars (4 quarters/1 dollar) = ? • Answer = 48 quarters

  9. Converting Units • To convert units: • Measured Amount (Conversion Factor) = New Unit

  10. Metric Prefixes

  11. Using Metric Conversion Factors • When using the metric table for conversion factor remember: • The base unit gets the exponent (base unit is the unit without a prefix) • The prefix gets the number 1 • Example: • 9 m  ? mm • Chart says 10-3  milli- • Convert: 9 m (1 mm/10-3 m) = 9000 mm

  12. Uncertainty and Error • Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the accepted value. • Precision: is the degree of exactness of a measurement; consistency in measurement. • Uncertainty: the measure of confidence in a measurement. A lower uncertainty indicates greater confidence.

  13. Significant Figures (Sig Figs) Determining Sig Figs: Garcia paraphrase • All nonzero digits are significant • Zero is significant IF: • Between nonzero digits • Right of nonzero digits AND there’s a decimal in the number

  14. Sig Figs cont. Addition & Subtraction: • Keep the least accurate decimal place. Example: • 25.1 + 2.03 = 27.13 = 27.1 • 5400 + 365.5 = 5765.5 = 5766

  15. Sig Figs cont. Multiplication and Division • Keep the least significant figures Example: 3.05 g/8.470 mL = 0.36009445 g/mL = 0.360 g/mL • Conversion factors are not included for sig figs

  16. Scientific Notation • Used to represent large or small numbers • General form: M x 10n • 1 < M < 10 • n is an integer (+ or - whole number) • Example: • 602000000000000000000000 = 6.02 x 1023 • 0.00000000602 = 6.02 x 10-9

  17. Graphing • Practice to come later.

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