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America Withdraws

America Withdraws. Mr. Wyatt. To Vietnamization. In 1969, Nixon begins to withdraw troops from Vietnam, but he intensified the war in Vietnam in an effort to gain ground in the negotiations.

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America Withdraws

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  1. America Withdraws Mr. Wyatt

  2. To Vietnamization In 1969, Nixon begins to withdraw troops from Vietnam, but he intensified the war in Vietnam in an effort to gain ground in the negotiations. • They were deadlocked over who would stay and who would leave South Vietnam, plus which government would stay as well. Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger came up with the plan called Vietnamization. • We would slowly withdraw and the South would have to step up to protect itself. • Even with the pullouts started, Nixon bolstered the South Vietnamese government by attacking supply routes and bases (Operation Linebacker & Operation Linebacker II) • This included bombing routes in Cambodia and Laos. Nixon talked to what he called the Silent Majority which were the moderate mainstream Americans who quietly supported the U.S. in Vietnam. • Effort to win support for his policies

  3. Bad Press My Lai use to be a village in northern South Vietnam until Lt. William Calley and his platoon massacred them. • Ordered to find the Vietcong but found none so his troops gathered up the villagers and shot at least 200 of them, mostly women, children, and old men. • Only Calley was convicted and imprisoned

  4. Other Countries Invaded 30 April 1970 Nixon announced we invaded Cambodia to NVA and Vietcong supply areas. It had caused support on Capital Hill to diminish. • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was repealed on 31 December 1970. • November 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Act which said that the President had to tell Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into a hostile area without war and can’t stay more than 90 days unless its approved or a declaration of war is given. Started protests at college campuses across the country.

  5. Protestors Shot Kent State University was a witness to these protests but the local mayor called in the National Guard to restore order. • On 4 May 1970, the Guards fired into protesters who were attacking them with rocks. • 9 wounded and 4 killed (two of which didn’t participate in the rally) At Jackson State in Mississippi, Guardsman fired into a crowd of demonstrators (throwing bottles), 12 wounded, 2 killed (innocent bystanders).

  6. More Bad Press Nixon lost more support when the Pentagon Papers were leaked by Daniel Ellsberg. • Written by Def. Sec. Robert McNamara in 1968, it showed that American had planned to enter the Nam in 1964 and had no way out while the North Vietnamese continued operations. • Americans found this as proof that the government wasn’t being truthful with the people. By 26 October 1972, the president announced “Peace is at hand” which won Nixon reelection. • The war kept going. • After the Christmas bombings of 1972 and every side in the negoationsreturned to the table, the U.S. was able to announce on 27 January 1973 that we could completely withdraw from Vietnam (29 March 1973 we did). • By 30 April 1975 – after a massive full scale invasion of the South, Saigon falls to the North Vietnamese.

  7. The Cold Shoulder Those vets that came home from Vietnam were treated very disrespectfully. • No parades and open hostility from people that stayed here. 15% of the vets suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. It would take until 1982 for a Memorial to be raised in Washington.

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