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HISTOLOGY

HISTOLOGY. THE STUDY OF TISSUES. TISSUES. Organization of similar cells embedded in a matrix (nonliving, intercellular material Matrix can be rigid, gel, fluid or nonexistent Specialize in performing at least one unique function essential for life. I. EPITHELIAL.

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HISTOLOGY

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  1. HISTOLOGY THE STUDY OF TISSUES

  2. TISSUES • Organization of similar cells embedded in a matrix (nonliving, intercellular material • Matrix can be rigid, gel, fluid or nonexistent • Specialize in performing at least one unique function essential for life

  3. I. EPITHELIAL • Covers and protects body surface • Lines body cavities • Secretes and absorbs substances into and out of blood • Forms glands

  4. II. CONNECTIVE • Supports and connects body and its parts • Transports substances throughout the body • Protection from invading microbes • Cells spread out; lots of matrix

  5. III. MUSCLE • Produces movement by shortening complex contractile proteins

  6. IV. NERVOUS • Communication between body parts and integration of their activities

  7. 1. EPITHELIAL • 2 types: 1. Membranous – covers and lines body 2. Glandular – exocrine and endocrine

  8. FUNCTIONS • Protection • Secretion • Absorption • Excretion • Sensory

  9. CHARACTERISTICS • Limited amount of matrix • Basement membrane • Avascular • Held together by fused cell membranes • Reproduce by mitosis • Nutrients by diffusion • Polarity

  10. CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBRANOUS EPITHELIUM • Based upon cell shape • Squamous (flat), cuboidal, or columnar • Based upon # of cell layers • Simple (single) or stratified (layered)

  11. Simple squamous

  12. Simple cuboidal

  13. Simple columnar

  14. Pseudostratified

  15. Transitional

  16. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

  17. II. CONNECTIVE • Most abundant and diverse • Connects, supports, transports and defends • Few cells, mostly matrix (nonliving extracellular material); various numbers and kinds of fibers

  18. 1. AREOLAR • Most common and widely distributed • Matrix is soft gel – hyaluronic acid • Matrix = collagen and elastin fibers • Fibroblasts (secrete matrix) are the predominant cells • Macrophages (phagocytosis) • Mast cells – secrete histamine

  19. Areolar

  20. 2. ADIPOSE • Mostly fat cells (adipocytes) • Protection, insulation, energy storage

  21. Adipose

  22. 3. RETICULAR • 3-D web • Defense; reticular network filters harmful substances from lymph and blood • Reticular cells phagocytic

  23. Reticular

  24. 4. DENSE REGULAR • Mainly bundles of collagen arranged in parallel rows • Few fibroblasts • Ligaments (bone to bone) and tendons (muscle to bone)

  25. Dense regular

  26. 5. DENSE IRREGULAR • Dermis of the skin

  27. Dense irregular

  28. 6. CARTILAGE • One cell type: chondrocyte • Chondrocytes produce fibers and tough gristlike material (chondroitin sulfate) • Avascular – nutrients diffuse through perichondrium which surrounds cartilage mass

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