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Particulate matter measurements from the Canadian Forest fires

Particulate matter measurements from the Canadian Forest fires. 1). PNR Research (Wiens) – Prescribed burns of forest and agricultural sites. 2). Measurements of processed aerosols at Fraserdale, a Boreal Forest location (Sharma). S. Sharma, B. Wiens, D. Lavoué

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Particulate matter measurements from the Canadian Forest fires

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  1. Particulate matter measurements from the Canadian Forest fires 1). PNR Research (Wiens) – Prescribed burns of forest and agricultural sites. 2). Measurements of processed aerosols at Fraserdale, a Boreal Forest location (Sharma). S. Sharma, B. Wiens, D. Lavoué D. Toom-Sauntry, D. Halpin, J. Brook, L. Huang, S. Gong and A. Gaudenzi

  2. Objectives: • To speciate and quantify the contribution of biomass burning (forest fires) at the three Canadian locations such as Fraserdale in Ontario, Brazeau river (Jasper National Park) and Yoho National Park in Alberta. • To better quantify the emissions factors of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) from prescribed burn of a forested boreal region and some agricultural crops. • To understand the occurrence, atmospheric chemistry and potential impacts on climate and air quality issues of PM by forest fires, natural emissions by the forest and the fossil fuel combustion at Fraserdale. • To use 13C/12C to source apportion for EC & OC.

  3. PNR 04/05 Fire Research 1. Brazeau Prescribed Burn Expected Sampling Site in Brazeau • Two Sampling periods • Flaming and Smouldering phases at one sampling site • Three camera sites for multi-axis fire imagery • Collaborating with Parks Canada and Sustainable Resource • Development (AB) • No Burns this fall due to wet conditions and labour dispute

  4. Monitoring Package • Mini Vol samplers (47 mm filter; 5 litres/min) • Three simultaneous samples • Teflon-quartz pair (gravimetric, elements and • Two quartz (EC/OC and PAH’s) • LiCor 820 CO2 Analyzer • GasAlertMax (H2S, CO, O2) • Temp, RH, windspeed • No VOC sampling

  5. 2. Agricultural burn site: Bratts Lake

  6. Agricultural Residue • Flax residue typically burned in autumn • Arrangements made for field near Bratts Lake BSRN station • Use same monitors as Forest • Supplemented by extensive instrumentation at Bratts Lake • Burn anticipated in October (depends on weather and crop insurance) • Potentially second burn of grain straw

  7. M. S. C. 3. Fraserdale, Remote site in Northern Ontario (Southern perimeter of Hudson Bay Lowland) Summer Vegetation, logging trucks, Forest fires, Transport from cities and towns Sources: Winter Arctic haze, ski-doos, Local wood burning, Transport from cities and towns

  8. Sampling Manifold 30 Feet above ground 4 filter-pack system

  9. Sampling Manifold 2.5 m size-cut Quartz fiber filter for chemical analysis 2.5m size-cut Zefluor (teflon) for mass Flow=16.7 slpm Blank TSP Quartz fiber for chemical analysis TSP Zefluor (Teflon) for mass

  10. Particle Soot Absorption Photometer Flow controllers Data collection

  11. Measurements and status: Historical BC data from 1990-1996 has been quality controlled.

  12. Preliminary Results: I. Measurements Black carbon and CO 400 ng/m3 background CO measured by Doug Worthy’s group

  13. 2003 Eastern Canada Fires

  14. Back-trajectories Transport from N.W. Ontario Transport from Central Quebec

  15. Inorganic analysis Golden Ears Park: Oxa=0.15 g/m3, SO42- <2 µg/m3, NH4+ <1 g/m3, NO3-<0.5 µg/m3 EC= 2 g/m3, OC=15 µg/m3 Weekly integrated PM2.5 inorganic analysis at Fraserdale from Jan 10-Oct 02, 2003.

  16. Carbonaceous aerosols contribute up to 40% of PM 2.5

  17. Isotopic EC & OC in PM2.5 Forest fires

  18. Isotopic EC & OC (TSP) Forest fires

  19. sigmoidal fire growth diurnal variability Area burned (hectares) Elapsed time since ignition (hours) 3. Modeling Hourly BC Emissions Emissions(X) = A . (ß . B) . EF(X) • Area Burned (A) • Average and constant fuel consumption amount by ecoregion (.B)

  20. tonnes (x10) BC Emissions, 25 June 2003 – 1800Z

  21. BC Plume, 27 June 2003 – 0000Z knots in 1E-10 kg/kg (to convert to g m-3, multiply by 1.16x109)

  22. 200,000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 BC (t) 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 1970 1971 1972 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Black Carbon, Canada 30%

  23. (tonnes) PM2.5 Emissions in 1995

  24. Canadian Large Fires, 1960-99

  25. Future work: • 1) Chemical analysis of all samples until Oct. 2004 sample period. • 2) Transport modeling with CAM in RCM and/or GEM at a higher grid resolution. • 3) Finally modeling (emission and transport) for 1990-1996 BC measurements. • Slight chance that prescribed burn might take place in the spring, 05. • A subset of this work was also presented at the “8th International Carbonaceous aerosol meeting”, held in Vienna in Sept. 2004.

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