Beyond Compliance: Integrating Traceability Technologies in the Global Food Supply Chain

1. Beyond Compliance:Integrating Traceability Technologies in theGlobal Food Supply Chain Vincent Paez Director Food Safety Business Development Thermo Fisher Scientific

2. Thermo Fisher Scientific Bringing it all together in the Food Safety Lab • Reagents • Laboratory equipment • Chromatography • Mass Spectrometry • Microbiology • LIMS Complete analysis of contaminants in food

3. Stakeholders in food safety Government Consumers • Independant agencies • Food producers 3

4. Consumer demand for imported seasonal products to be available all year-round. Consumer demand for processed food that is ready-to-eat and high in quality but low in cost. In developed countries food is sourced globally and international trade in food is substantial. A long food chain makes control over safety and quality of raw materials difficult to maintain – reliable analysis critical. Food analysis – the global market 4

5. Unforeseen Consequences Emerging risks rise when things have deliberately oraccidentally changed in thefood chain CHANGE → UNFORESEEN CONSEQUENCE 5

6. ‘Farm-to-Fork’ Integrated Food Chain

7. Trust must extend throughout the food chain Openness - transparency Building a brand reputation Building consumer confidence in food safety takes time 7

8. Food is a complex matrix for analysis and traceability 8 7

9. Food Safety – The Food Chain • Environmental contaminants – dioxins, PCBs, metals • Natural toxicants – mycotoxins, phycotoxins, plant toxins • Pesticide residues • Veterinary drug residues • Processing contaminants • Additives – illegal dyes • Packaging migration • Authenticity/traceability (GMO) • Deliberate adulteration

10. Examples of Contaminants in Foodstuffs • The (1) contaminant and the (2) matrix: • (1) Chloramphenicol in (2) Honey • (1) Nitrofurans in (2) Pork • (1) Malachite Green in (2) Seafood • (1) Tetracyclines in (2) Honey • (1) Acrylamide in (2) Fried Food • (1) Pesticides in (2) Vegetables or Fruits • (1) bis-Phenol A in (2) beverage packaging • (1) Salmonella in (2) pistachio nuts

11. Contaminants in Meat Pork, Beef, Chicken Trace heavy elements and radioactivity Veterinary drugs Pesticides Environmental contaminants Microbial contaminants Migrants from packaging β-Agonists Aminoglycosides Anthelmintics Brilliant Green Cephalosporins Coccidiostats Crystal Violet Fluoroquinolones Glucocorticoids β-Lactams Malachite Green Macrolides Mectins Nitrofurans Nitroimidazoles Phenicols (Chloramphenicol) Sulfonamides Steroids Tetracyclines Tranquilizers, etc. Insecticides Fungicides Herbicides Nematicides Dioxins (PCDDs and PCDFs) PCBs PAHs ( Benzo(a) pyrene) polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) Lead (Pb) Cadmium (Cd) Arsenic (Ar) Mercury (Hg) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) Tin (Sn) Selenium Tributyltin Alpha-emitting isotopes of plutonium and transplutonium elements, notably Pu-239, Am-241 Isotopes of iodine, notably I-131, Isotopes of strontium, notably Sr-90 Cs 134, Cs 137 Vinyl chloride monomer Escherichia coli Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella typhi Salmonella ssp. Shigella ssp. Staphylococcus aureus Hepatitis A virus Norwalk virus

12. Melamine Cyanuric AcidLC/MS Case Study: Adulteration of milk powder with melamine Melamine Nitrogen-rich milk powder

13. Diazo dyeLC/MS Case Study: Adulteration of chili peppers with Sudan dyes Bright red chili powder Sudan dye

14. Ca element Case Study: Adulteration of flour bleaching agent with lime Bleaching agent from cornstarch White Flour Pulverized lime

15. Case Study: Adulteration of Honey An “Authentic food” can be defined as the one thatis ofthe nature, substance, and quality described Authenticity is an important factor in the price of honey Volatile Components Pollen SIRMS Water Activity • Carbohydrates • Fructose • Glucose • Sucrose • Maltose • Rafinose • Etc.. Free Amino Acids • Ala • Arg • Asn • Asp • Cys • Glu • Gln • Gly • His • Hpr • Leu-ileu • Lys • Met • Phe • Pro • Ser • Thr • Tyr • Trp • Val Trace Elements Sensory pH DNA Sequencing 15

16. Case study–climate change/mycotoxins Climate change – Climate model projections indicate that the global surface temperature will probably rise 1.1 to 6.4 °C during the twenty-first century. Ref 1:IPCC 4th Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007 16

17. Fungi have environmental niches for favorable growth A. flavusgrowswithin 40 degrees latitude N or S of the equator 25-40oC optimum growth temp. Aflatoxins start to appear as contaminants in foods produced outside this area. New fungi may become dominant and novel mycotoxins begin to appear in foods. Case study–climate change/mycotoxins 17 Ref 2: RASFF Alert 03/87 – November 2003

18. Significance of the food chain infection infection infection infection Infection Growing Crop Harvest Fruiting Transport Sorting Drying Storage Growing Crop Fruiting Harvest Toxin Production Toxin Production Toxin Production Toxin Production Case study:- fungal infection Pre-harvest Post-harvest Numerous points in the chain are vulnerable to fungal infection and mycotoxin production and need to be carefully monitored. It is significant that one should look at the chain as an integrated whole. 18

19. Traceability at the government level • EFSA EMRISK Unit: Eurostat Comex Database • DG SANCO: Rapid Alert System for Food & Feed (RASFF) • Canada: Foodborne Illness Outbreak Protocol and the CFIA’s Health Hazard Alert System. • US FDA: State Departments of Health, CDC & FERN Network • WHO: INFOSAN and GEMS

20. Traceability at the food producer level Reliable and rapid data flows from labs into the enterprise Centralized information in one integrated system for easy access and collaboration Real time decision analysis and support Automated report generation from single data source Dashboard views of Enterprise metrics for process status Complete data tracking from raw material to finished product facilitates regulatory compliance

21. Traceability in the Production Process LIMS stores relationships between batches and quality results Where was this raw material used? Who supplied it? Which batches were produced on Tuesday?

22. Traceability technology schemes Enterprise Integration(EPR) Server AdministrativeManagement(Local Servers) Distribution(Readers)

23. Typical Process Workflow Production process initiated at enterprise – typically in ERP system Product definitions cascade to MES/LIMS/PIMS LIMS manages Off-line data: Accurate determination of product characteristics Controls Sampling – batch stage or timed event Collects data from laboratory operations – automatically or manually entered Manages calculations from data Compares results with Specifications (from ERP) Compares results with on-line data (MES/PIMS) Authorizes results Usage / release data sent back up to ERP

24. Comprehensive Information Management Solution Data Acquisition & Analysis Sample Management Data Visualization Information Sharing Business Decisions • Batch/study tracking • Study tracking • Built in calculations • SPC charts • Automated alerts • Schedule samples • Check calibration • Reagent monitoring • User privileges • User certificates • SOPs Integration Data Systems Data Management Reporting • Multi-lab and geography deployment • Integration with ERP • Integration with online analysis • Web browser capability • Sharing with external customers

25. Traceability technologies should: • Help manage shelf life expiration management. • Help trace lots/batches. • Measure quality specifications. • Help comply with regulations. • Help comply with HACCP plans and ISO22000. • Reduce costs and maximize returns on assets.

26. Costs & Benefits • Costs • IT infrastructure (servers and management) • Personnel training • Benefits • Regulatory compliance • Supply chain efficiency and confidence • Enhanced image of company and customer trust • Differentiation in the market

27. Some EU Traceability Projects

28. Achnowledgements • FoodLife International; http://www.foodlifeint.com • Colin Thurston, Thermo Fisher Scientific – informatics group; colin.thurston@thermofisher.com

29. Beyond Compliance:Integrating Traceability Technologies in theGlobal Food Supply Chain Thank you. I wish you good health through safe food.