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NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007. 3 D Display: Current and future technologies in Europe. Part 2: 3D Display Research at DMU Phil Surman Wing Kai Lee Imaging and Displays Research Group De Montfort University Leicester UK. Presentation. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007.

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NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

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  1. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 3 D Display: Current and future technologies in Europe Part 2: 3D Display Research at DMU Phil Surman Wing Kai Lee Imaging and Displays Research Group De Montfort University Leicester UK

  2. Presentation NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 • Principle of operation of DMU display • ATTEST multi-user 3D prototype • MUTED 3D display project • Future work

  3. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION of DMU Display

  4. DMU Display Side mirror Steering optics Head tracker Exit pupils Screen Viewers NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  5. Exit Pupils A SCREEN B MULTIPLE EXIT PUPILS C R VIEWER L EXIT PUPIL PAIR NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 PLAN VIEWS

  6. Exit Pupil Formation Illumination source Screen Lens Exit pupil LENS NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  7. Illumination source C Illumination source B Illumination source A Lens and vertical diffuser Viewer A VIEWING FIELD Viewer C Viewer B Exit pupils NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Multiple Exit Pupil Formation with a Lens

  8. Exit Pupil Formation with Array Illumination sources Exit pupil NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  9. Exit Pupil Steering Steering array lenses Exit pupil Illumination sources NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  10. Exit Pupil Steering Steering array lenses Exit pupil Illumination sources NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  11. Exit Pupil Steering Steering array lenses Exit pupil Illumination sources NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  12. Coaxial Optical Element Illumınatıon surface Refractıng surface Aperture Lıght contaıned wıthın element by total ınternal reflectıon To screen NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Illumination and refracting surfaces both cylindrical with common vertical axis Aperture centred at axis No off-axis aberrations Light contained in element by total internal reflection

  13. Collimated Beam Formation NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  14. Spatial Multiplexing MUX screen LCD L From right source To right exit pupil R To exit pupils From left source To left exit pupil NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  15. Spatial MUX with Parallax Barrier Parallax barrier Illumination sources LCD L R L R SIDE VIEW NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  16. Spatial MUX with Lenticular Screen Lenticular screen Illumination sources R L L R SIDE VIEW NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  17. First Prototype NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 R L Exit pupils Screen assembly Upper mirror R L Light sources Lower mirror This prototype has fixed pupils – its purpose is to demonstrate spatial multiplexing

  18. First Prototype SCREEN UPPER MIRROR LAMPS LOWER MIRROR NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  19. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Early Work: Schematic Diagram from PhD Multiplexing screen (Ch.5) IR camera (Ch.12) LCD (Ch.6) Illumination source (Chs.9&10) Vertical diffuser (Ch.7) Head tracking processor (Ch.12) Fresnel lens (Ch.3) Exit pupils (Ch.3) R L Viewer (Ch.8) Folding mirrors (Ch.4) Viewing field (Ch.8) Retro- reflector (Ch.12) FIG.1.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PROTOTYPE 3D DISPLAY

  20. Early Work: Head Tracker NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 LED array showing head position IR diodes and camera lens Head Retro-reflector FIG.12.1 HEAD TRACKING SET-UP

  21. Early Work: Head Tracker Retroreflector Head Region imaged by IR array NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 (a) View from Camera Lens (b) Red LED Array FIG.12.2 HEAD ‘SHADOW’

  22. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Early Work: Moving Illumination Source Stepper motor Pinion Magnet Track Rack Wheel Left halogen aperture Right halogen aperture Wheel Reed switch FIG.10.2 HALOGEN LAMP ILLUMINATION ASSEMBLY

  23. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 ATTEST PROTOTYPE CONSTRUCTION AND RESULTS

  24. LED array Driver board Aperture To viewer NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 ATTEST: Array Element and Illumination/Driver Board Soft Aperture Aperture printed on strip of film (RH figure) 2 aperture components cemented together with aperture in between

  25. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 ATTEST: Array Element and Illumination/Driver Board This shows first version with 90 x 3mm white LEDs. Exit pupils move in large increments (~30mm)

  26. ATTEST:LCD Diffraction LED DRIVERS 90 x 3mm WHITE LEDs LIGHT ATTEST: Illumination/driver Board Version 1 NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  27. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 ATTEST: Illumination/driver Board Version 2 256 x 1 mm surface-mount white LEDs Comprises 16 x 16-element modules

  28. ATTEST: LED Module DRIVER CHIP HEAT SINK WHITE LED & LENS ARRAY MICROLENS ARRAY LIGHT LIGHT HEAT SINK DRIVER CHIP NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 16 x 1 mm surface-mount white LEDs Integral driver and heat sink

  29. ATTEST: Illumination Sources NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 This shows collimated beams formed in different directions Beam width can be increased by lighting more LEDs

  30. ATTEST: Multiple Exit Beams NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Multiple beams formed by lighting several sets of adjacent LEDs

  31. ATTEST: DemonstratorArray NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Constructed for demonstration of multiple exit pupil formation but without use of LCD

  32. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 ATTEST: Demonstrator Exit Pupils Beams formed on targets. Polhemus electromagnetic tracker pickups located at targets

  33. ATTEST: Array Configuration PLAN VIEW Lower layer Illumination surfaces Upper layer Upper layer Aperture Aperture Refracting surfaces NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 One ten-element array is used for each of the left and right sets of exit pupils comprises two sets of five staggered elements

  34. WI WS NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 ATTEST: Appearance of Front of Array Continuous illumination over this width Aperture images are effective LCD backlight Vertical diffuser required to enable aperture images to illuminate full LCD height

  35. ATTEST: Soft Apertures A&B B B&C SOFT APERTURES (VIEWED FROM FRONT) A B C NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Soft apertures allow for constructional errors and aperture image width variation Fading width determined from trials on perception of brightness variation

  36. ATTEST: Aperture Intensity Variation NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 (a) Appearance of aperture images Relative intensity (b) Intensity variation Distance across array

  37. ATTEST: Folding Mirrors NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 PLAN VIEWS Virtual image Mirror Steering optics Steering optics Mirror Virtual image (a) Without Folding (b) With Folding Virtual arrays formed either side of actual array Reduces housing size

  38. ATTEST: Folding Multiplexing screen, LCD and vertical diffuser Folding mirror Steering optics Light path Folding mirrors NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 5 Mirror folding enables same housing size as current rear projected displays (side mirrors not shown)

  39. ATTEST: Prototype NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Side mirror Optical array Screen Side mirror

  40. ATTEST: Plan view of Prototype Optical array TOP VIEW Side mirror Screen Side mirror NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007

  41. ATTEST: Prototype Side Elevation NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 SIDE VIEW Side mirror Optical array Screen

  42. ATTEST: Prototype STEERING ARRAY FOLDING MIRROR SCREEN ASSY. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Incorporates same large optical elements as used in demonstrator Large cylindrical convex in front of LCD to increase brightness

  43. ATTEST: Display Sub-pixels 100 milliradians NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 15µM structure within RGB sub-pixels RGB Sub-pixels Very high first-order component Diffraction

  44. ATTEST: LCD Diffraction RELATIVE INTENSITY (%) DISTANCE (mm) NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Vertical diffraction << horizontal diffraction large first order gives ~ 15% crosstalk

  45. ATTEST: Exit Pupil Profile L R RELATIVE INTENSITY (%) DISTANCE (mm) NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Maxima produced by use of discrete components Left eye located at position L Right eye located at position R Profile is convolution of aperture function with diffraction function (PSF)

  46. ATTEST: White LED Colour Variation 0.5 Typical white LED variation Y 0 0 0.5 X NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 Blue region shows total variation from manufacturer This region divided into four Even with LEDs from one batch, variation still large

  47. ATTEST: Further Work Identified NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 • Use LCD with suitable sub-pixel structure to minimise diffraction • Select appropriate material and manufacturing process to minimise scattering • Use single illumination source to illuminate colour and brightness variation • Use low etendue illumination source to reduce light loss • Reduce housing size - consumer preference is for ‘hang-on-wall’ • Develop multi-user non-intrusive head tracker

  48. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 MUTEDMulti-user Three-dimensional Television Display

  49. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 MUTED: Brief Summary • EU-funded • Kicked-off July 2006 • 30 months duration • 30 person years of effort • 7 partners including SLE and Fraunhofer HHI

  50. NANJING UNIVERSITY 18 MARCH 2007 MUTED: Technical Summary • RBG laser illumination source • Provides wide colour gamut • Holographic projector-controlled exit pupils • Developing multi-user non-intrusive head tracker • Human factors issues examined • Investigation into low-diffraction LCD • Investigation into temporal MUX • Exploitation of display in medical applications

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