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The Parts of the Brain and Endocrine System and their Functions

The Parts of the Brain and Endocrine System and their Functions. Hemispheric Specialization. Right Hemisphere. Left Hemisphere. BRAINSTEM. the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull responsible for automatic survival functions.

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The Parts of the Brain and Endocrine System and their Functions

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  1. The Parts of the Brain and Endocrine Systemand their Functions

  2. Hemispheric Specialization

  3. Right Hemisphere

  4. Left Hemisphere

  5. BRAINSTEM • the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull • responsible for automatic survival functions

  6. Pons BRAINSTEM • The pons is part of the rhombencephalon/the hindbrain. Pons forms together with medulla oblongata/ the medulla and mesencephalon/the midbrain the brain stem. The brain stem receives sensory information and conveys motor function from cranial nerves. It also serves as a conduit for information from ascending sensory and descending motor tracts. The pons participate in the regulation of eye movements. It gets blood supply from a.basilaris/the basilar artery.

  7. Medulla (medulla Oblongata) BRAINSTEM • Medulla [muh-DUL-uh] • base of the brainstem • controls heartbeat and breathing

  8. Reticular formation BRAINSTEM • Reticular Formation • a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

  9. Spinal cord BRAINSTEM

  10. Cerebellum BRAINSTEM • Cerebellum [sehr-uh-BELL-um] • the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem • it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance

  11. LIMBIC SYSTEM • Limbic System • a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres • associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex • includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.

  12. Thalamus LIMBIC SYSTEM • Thalamus [THAL-uh-muss] • the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem • it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

  13. Hippocampus LIMBIC SYSTEM

  14. Amygdala LIMBIC SYSTEM • Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la] • two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion

  15. Hypothalamus LIMBIC SYSTEM • Hypothalamus • neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities • eating • drinking • body temperature • helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland • is linked to emotion

  16. Olfactory LIMBIC SYSTEM

  17. Basal Ganglia LIMBIC SYSTEM

  18. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • Endocrine System • the body’s “slow” chemical communication system • a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

  19. Pituitary Gland ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • Pituitary Gland • under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

  20. Adrenal Gland ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • Adrenal [ah-DREEN-el] Glands • a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys • secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress

  21. Thyroid ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

  22. CEREBRAL CORTEX • Cerebral Cortex • the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres • the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

  23. Frontal Lobe CEREBRAL CORTEX • Frontal Lobes • involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

  24. Parietal Lobe CEREBRAL CORTEX • Parietal Lobes • include the sensory cortex

  25. Occipital Lobe CEREBRAL CORTEX • Occipital Lobes • include the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field

  26. Temporal Lobe CEREBRAL CORTEX • Temporal Lobes • include the auditory areas

  27. Motor Cortex CEREBRAL CORTEX • Motor Cortex • area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

  28. Sensory Cortex CEREBRAL CORTEX • Sensory Cortex • area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations

  29. Auditory Cortex CEREBRAL CORTEX

  30. Visual Cortex CEREBRAL CORTEX

  31. Broca’s Area CEREBRAL CORTEX • Broca’s Area • an area of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

  32. Wernicke’s Area CEREBRAL CORTEX • Wernicke’s Area • an area of the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension and expression

  33. Association Areas CEREBRAL CORTEX

  34. Angular gyrus CEREBRAL CORTEX

  35. Corpus Callosum • Corpus Callosum • large band of neural fibers • connects the two brain hemispheres • carries messages between the hemispheres

  36. Ventricle • The entire surface of central nervous system is bathed by a clear, colorless fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF is contained within a system of fluid-filled cavities called ventricles. • The ventricles are shown in blue on the following midsagittal section of the brain. • The dense fluid protects the brain and spinal cord from shock; a brain that weighs 1,500 g in air weighs only 50 g when suspended in CSF (Livingston, 1965).

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