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Tissues Of the Body

Tissues Of the Body. There are four types of tissue 1-Epithelium tissue 2-Connective tissue 3-Muscular tissue 4-Nervous tissue. 1-Epithelial tissue. Types of epithelial tissue a-simple epithelial(cellular sheets formed of one (layer of cell)

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Tissues Of the Body

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  1. Tissues Of the Body • There are four types of tissue • 1-Epithelium tissue • 2-Connective tissue • 3-Muscular tissue • 4-Nervous tissue

  2. 1-Epithelial tissue Types of epithelial tissue • a-simple epithelial(cellular sheets formed of one • (layer of cell) • b-stratified epithelium(formed of many layers of • (cells)

  3. c-Glandular epithelium(cells collected to form (gland) • d-Neuro-epithelium(epithelial cells act as • (receptors)

  4. A-Simple Epithelium • Types of simple epithelium • 1-simple squamous • 2-'' '' cubical(Cuboidal) • 3-'' '' Columnar • 4-'' '' columnar ciliated • 5-Pseudostratified columnar • 6-'' '' ''' ''''' '' Ciliated

  5. 1-Simple Squamous Epithelium • -Formed one layer of flat cells with flattened nuclei • -Thin smooth lining to blood vessels to allow easy passage of blood • -it covers the peritoneum to facilitate the movements of the viscera • -It facilitates the active filteration of urine in kidney

  6. SSE is present in parts of the body • **** • a-The endothelium of heart&blood vessels • b-the mesothelium of serous membranes as pleura,pericardium,peritoneum(around intestine) • c-outer layer of bowmans capsule of kidney • d-present in alveoli of lung • e-it covers the adult ovary

  7. 3-In eye covering the anterior surface of lens&inner cells of choroids • 4-In glands: lining the acini&small ducts of glands • 5-ovary:germinal epithelium of the ovary • N.B. :cuboidal cells are intermediate from between cubical&columnar cells

  8. 2-Simple Cubical(Cuboidal)epithelium • Formed of one layer of cubical cells with central round nuclei • Function: secretion,excretion,covering&lining • Present: • 1-lining of thyroid follicles • 2-kidney lining tubules • 3-in eye covering the anterior surface of lens&inner cells of choroids • 4-in glands: lining the acini&small ducts of glands • 5-ovary:germinal epithelium of the ovary • N.B. :cuboidal cells are intermediate from between cubical&columnar cells

  9. 3- Simple Columnar Epithelium • One layer tall columnar cells with basal oval nuclei • Function: columnar epithelium secretion,absorption&protection • Present: • a-stomch cell secrete mucin cells have clear cytoplasm • b-intestin dark cytoplasma(absorption processes) • covred microvilli which are rich in phospholatase enzymes facilitate absorption processes • micovilli are composed of microfilments • c-lining of gall bladder,common bile duct&pancreatic duct • d-lining of large collecting tubules of kidney

  10. 4-Simple columnar ciliated Epithelium • Formed of simple columnar cells with basal oval nuclei • Surface are covered with cilia • Cilia function: responsible for transport of solid or fluid particle,they help in sensory reception • Present: • a-centeral canal of simple cord&brain ventricle • b-fallopian tube&uterus to facilitate the movements of ova • c-outer or boney part of Eustachian tube • d-some branchioles of the lung

  11. 5-Pseudo-stratified columnar (ciliated&Non-ciliated) • It.s simple type of epithelium formed on layer of columnar cells clear wavy basement membrane • The Basment Membrane is formed of • 1-reticular lamina:reticular tissue under epithelium • 2-basal lamina:formed of the cell membrane of basal cells which is formed glycoprotein • The surface may be ciliated or non-ciliated,cilia may be motile or non motile(sterile) • Goblet cells may be present between the columnar cells

  12. 1-pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cell&motile cilia • Present : • a-upper respiratory passages(nasal air sinuses,nasopharnx,lower part of larnx,trachea&bronchi) • b-Lacrimal sac • c-Eustaachian tube • Function: protection,secretion&transport particles out the air passages

  13. 2-pseudostratified ciliated but the cilia are not motile(this is not cilia but are tall solid microvilli) • This type present in epididymis • 3-pseudo-stratified columnar Non-ciliated epithelium • Present: • a-upper part of vas deference&male urethra • b-large ducts of salivary gland

  14. 2-Stratified Epithelium • Is formed of many layers of cells(3 or more layers) • Types of stratified epithelium(four types) • 1-stratified squamous epithelium(superfacial cells squamous) • 2-stratified columnar epithelium(superfacial cells are columnar) • 3-stratified columnar ciliated(superfacial cells ciliated columnar) • 4-transitional epithelium(superfacial cell are cuboidal) it. Is called stratified cuboidal

  15. 1-Stratified Squamous epithelium • -have thick type of strarified epithelium formed of many layers • 5-30 layers of the cells • -The cells rest on clear wavy basement membrane under the basement membrane there is C.T. containing blood&lymph vessels • -

  16. The surface may be covered with fresh non-keratinized squamous cells as in esophagus&skin epithelium is covered by keratin layer so called keratinizing stratified squamous • The intermediate layers are polygonal cells(have many sides)with desmosomes

  17. The superfacial layers of cells are flat squamous cells which may be nucleated or not nucleated • Site of stratified squamous epithelium • 1-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium in dry surfaced areas • a-epidermis of skin • b-opening up on the skin(external ear&external nose,outer surface of the lip&anal orifice

  18. 2-Non Keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium(wet areas) • a-oral cavity,inner surface of the lip,palat tonsolis • b-esophagus,oropharnx&vocal cords • c-cornea&conjunctive • d-vagina terminal parts of male&female urethral&anal canal

  19. 3-Stratified columnar epithelium • Layers less in number • The superfacial cells are non-keratinizing columnar cells • Present: • 1-Conjunctiva of the eye • 2-membranous&penil part of male urethra • 3-large ducts of glands • 4-recto-anal junction

  20. 4-Stratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium • It formed of few layers of cell • The superficial cells are non-keratinzing,columnar ciliated cells • Present: • 1-foetal esophagus • 2-nasal surface of soft palat • 3-laryngeal surface of epiglottis

  21. 4-Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium • Is covered by cuboidal cells • Present: • In the duct of sweat glands,semiferous tubules of the testis • The transitional epithelium can be considered as astratified cuboidal epithelium

  22. 5-Transitional Epithelium • Present in the urinary bladder tract • The epithelium rests on a thin basement membrane • -the superfacial cells are covered with mucous-like substance which forms aprotecting membrane • Transitional epithelium may be formed of 3-4 lyers only full

  23. distended urinary bladder 6-8 in many empty bladder • The superfacial cells may changes temporarily into squamous cells when the bladder is full of urine • N.B.:Metaplasia: change of one type of epithelium into another type as in bilharziasis of bladder

  24. Transitional…………………stratified squamous epithelium • Present: • 1-minor&major calyces of kidney • 2-pelvis of the ureter,urinary bladder • 3-the prostatic part of male urethra&inner part of female urethra

  25. 3-Glandular Epithelium • The third type of epithelium specialized to produce secretion • Classification of gland • 1-According to produce or absence of ducts • The glands are classified into:

  26. a-Endocrine: secreting hormones directly in the blood as: thyroid ,parathyroid,pituitary,suprarenal,pineal body:islets of langherhans,placenta,testis,ovary • b-Exocrine glands:they have ducts carry their secretion • as:salivary glands,sweat&sebaceous glands • c-Mixed glands: posses the exocrine&endocrine function • as: pancreas,testis,ovary

  27. 2-According to changes in the secretory cells • a-merocine glands:there is no cellular change in their secretory cells ex. Salivary glands • b-Apocrine glands:secretory product of the glands ex.mammary glands(secret milk) • c-Holocrine gland:sebaceous glands may come out with their secretion

  28. 3-According to the secretion • a-serous secretory glands: as parotid glands,von-Ebner gland of the tongue • Mucous secretory glands: bruners glands&goblet cell • C-fatty secretory glands: sebaceous glands • d-mucous gland:submandibular &sublingual glands • e-watery secretory glands: sweate glands • f-waxy secretory gland: glands of external ear • g-cellular secretory gland: testis&ovary

  29. 4-According to the shape&branching of the secreting part • Tubular,acinar,or tubulo-acinar • A-Tubular glands • a-simple tubular glands: intestinal glands or the crypts of lieberkuhn • b-simple branched tubular:glands of stomch • c-simple coiled tubular:sweat glands • d-compound tubular glands:kidney&testis

  30. B-Acinar glands • Acinar glands are classified into: • a-simple acinar:urethral glands&sebaceous • b-simple branched acinar:sebaceous glands,eye lid glands • c-compound acinar:mammary glands

  31. C-Tubulo-acinar glands • a-tubulo-acinar gland not found in man • b-branched tubulo-acinar:glands of the mouth cavity • c-compound tubulo-acinar: pancreas,prostate,salivary glands

  32. 5-According to their function • A-secretory glands:secrete in the body as salivary glands&endocrine • B-Excretory glands: eliminate&excrete the wast produced out side the body as kidney&sweat gland

  33. 4-Neuro-Epithelium • Four type of epithelial tissue(simple,stratified glandular&neuro-epithelium • This type epithelial cells act as sensory receptor for special stimuli • -neuroepithelial cells are provided with small hairs • -receptor cells:hair cells or tast cells • -supporting cells • -basal cells

  34. present: • 1-taste buds(tongue) • 2-organ of corti(internal ear(for hearing • 3-crista ampularis in theampullae of the semicircular canal in the internal ear for(equilibrium) • 4-macula utriculi&macula saccul(in internal ear)

  35. Function of epithelial tissues • 1-Protection: against injuries,bacteria,chemical&water as epithelium of skin&stomch • 2-secretory: as glandular epithelium of pancreas,prostate,salivary &endocrineglands

  36. 3-Absorption:intestine&kidney • 4-Sensation:taste buds&organ of cort • 5-Reproduction: as the cells of testis&ovary

  37. 6-Excretion as the cells of kidney&sweat gland • 7-covering surface as skin lining cavitiesas stomch • 8-respiration as the epithelium of lung alveoli

  38. Epithelial cell-derived tumours Benign or malignant

  39. General biology of epithelial tissues 1-polarity 2-innervation 3-renewal of epithelial cells 4-metaplasia 5-Control of glandular activity 6-Cells that transport ions 7-Cells that transport by pinocytosis 8-Serous cells 9-Mucus- secreting cells 10-The diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) 11-Myoepithelial cells 12-Steriod – secreting cells 13-Epithelial cell-derived tumours

  40. Mechanisms of secretion

  41. Duct Types of Compound Exocrine Glands

  42. Lobulation of Compound Exocrine Glands Submaxillary Gland Connective (salivary gland) Tissue Septum Acini Interlobular Intralobular Duct Duct

  43. Submandibular Gland Compound Exocrine Glands Pancreas

  44. Types of Acini

  45. Simple Exocrine Glands With Ducts

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