Audience, Purpose, Unity, Coherence

1. Audience, Purpose, Unity, Coherence ENG 031: English Basics J. Beattie

2. When will they be reading? Why will they be reading? How will they be reading? Audience • Who are they? • What do they need? • Where will they be reading?

3. Purpose • "Why am I writing?" • "What is my goal or my purpose for writing?"

4. ENG 031 Purposes • Narration: Tell a story • Description: Use all of the sense to explain something • Illustration: Use specific examples to explain something

5. Up First: Illustration • In this paragraph about anorexia nervosa, student writer NancieBrosseau uses several examples to develop a paragraph: Another problem, lying, occurred most often when my parents tried to force me to eat. Because I was at the gym until around eight o'clock every night, I told my mother not to save me dinner. I would come home and make a sandwich and feed it to my dog. I lied to my parents every day about eating lunch at school. For example, I would bring a sack lunch and sell it to someone and use the money to buy diet pills. I always told my parents that I ate my own lunch.

6. Unity • “One-ness” • Everything goes together • Stays on topic (matches topic sentence) • No unrelated sentences

7. 1 Mozart's accomplishments in music seem remarkable even today. 2 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in 1756 in Salzburg, Austria. 3 He began composing music at the age of five. 4 He lived most of his life in Salzburg and Vienna. 5 His first concert tour was at the age of six. 6 On his first tour he played harpsichord, organ, and violin. 7 He published numerous compositions before reaching adolescence.    8 He married in 1782. 9 Mozart and his wife were both poor money managers. 10 Consequently, they were plagued by debts. 11 Mozart composed over 600 musical compositions. 12 His most notable works were his operas, symphonies, quartets, and piano concertos. 13 He died at the age of thirty-five.

8. 1 Professional wrestling satisfies the viewers' needs for heroic struggle. 2 The confrontation between men like Carl "Cowboy" Coyote and Boris "Tsar" Ivanov--each one appropriately costumed to reflect his nickname--may seem absurd, not heroic. 3 But the absurdity removes the contest from reality so that the wrestlers seem like characters in a fairy tale who symbolize good (the American hero) and evil (the Russian menace). 4 We know the action is all (or mostly all) staged, yet the unreality increases the significance of the event. 5 There is also staged action in TV crime shows. 6 The action seems real, so we begin to care about who wins or loses. 7 The shootings and other violence usually do not offend us but seem justified and even necessary. 8 Of course, crime shows are more violent than professional wrestling.

9. Coherence • Flows well from sentence to sentence • Consistent • Logical • Orderly • Everything is clearly connected

10. Achieving Coherence • Repetition of key words or phrase (Reminderss) • Some students fib about their families. • Additionally, students fib about their health. • Furthermore, students fib about transportation problems. • Synonyms (reminders) • Pronouns • And the easiest, transitional words (see pg. 301 of text)

11. In the early morning, I am easily annoyed by my roommate. I have to shut the ice-covered windows. A white tornado of dandruff swirls around the room. A mass of smoke from cigarettes hovers near the door. No wonder I find my roommate annoying.

12. Explain the Support! In the early morning, I am easily annoyed by my roommate. I have to shut the ice-covered windows that John, my roommate, insists on opening every night, even during the winter. A white tornado of dandruff swirls around the room shows me that his dandruff problem is still in full force. A mass of smoke from John’s pack-a-day habit hovers near the door. No wonder I find my roommate annoying.

13. Add Reminders! In the early morning, I am easily annoyed by my roommate. I am annoyed each timeI have to shut the ice-covered windows that John, my roommate, insists on opening every night, even during the winter. A disgusting white tornado of dandruff swirls around the room shows me that his dandruff problem is still in full force. A choking mass of stale smoke from John’s pack-a-day habit hovers near the door. No wonder I find my roommate annoying.

14. Add Transitions! In the early morning, I am easily annoyed by my roommate. For example, I am annoyed each time I have to shut the ice-covered windows that John, my roommate, insists on opening every night, even during the winter. I am also disgusted by a white tornado of dandruff swirls around the room, which shows me that his dandruff problem is still in full force. Most bothersome, though, is the choking mass of stale smoke from John’s pack-a-day habit hovers near the door. No wonder I find my roommate annoying.