Germany ’ s Great Depression (Unemployment)

1. Germany’s Great Depression(Unemployment)

2. Japan’s Great Depression(Unemployment)

3. Great Britain’s Great Depression(Unemployment)

4. United States Great Depression(Unemployment)

5. The Election of 1932 FDR Hoover

7. 100 DAYS • Roosevelt’s100 dayswas very successful….FDR and Congress went to work providing for direct relief, recoveryandreform. • From March of 1933 to June of 1933, Roosevelt sent15 proposalsto Congress and all 15 were adopted • Congress and President tried anything reasonableto overcome the Great Depression. 100 days

8. NEW DEAL CARTOON FDR's NEW DEAL Govt. programs which provided direct relief to suffering Americans through govt. spending……… • Renew democracy • Restore confidence in the banking • Stimulate economy • Put people back to work. • Restore self confidence Social Engineers Brain Trust How?FDR’s 3 R’s • Relief: ease suffering of the needy • Recovery:begin economic growth • Reform: help prevent future economic crises

9. Finance: Baruch Politics: Howe Professors: Tugwell Interior: Ickes FDRs Advisers and “Brain Trust” Labor: Perkins Agriculture: Wallace Treasury: Morgenthau Jr.

10. Fireside Chats • Series of radio addresses by FDR • 30 total between 1933 to 1944 • FDR used these to calm American people down. • CLICK on the radio to link to hear the 1st chat on the Bank Crisis

11. People w/d $$; banks fail • “Banking Holiday” • Emergency Banking ReliefAct • Fireside Chat • Glass-Steagall Act • Creates the FDIC • Conservative • An example of Recovery and Reform The Banking Crisis

12. Goals of New Deal Program • Relief • Help people right away • Recovery • Get the US out of the Depression • Reform • Make sure another depression does not happen

13. New Deal:Relief • Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)‏ • Civil Works Administration (CWA)‏ • Public Works Administration (PWA)‏ • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)‏ • Farm Credit Association (FCA)‏ • Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC)‏ • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

14. New Deal:Recovery • Works Progress Administration (WPA)‏ • National Recovery Administration (NRA)‏ • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)‏ • National Youth Administration (NYA)‏ • Federal Housing Act (FHA)‏

15. New Deal:Reform • Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC)‏ • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)‏ • Wagner Act (NLRB)‏ • Social Security

16. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES RECOVERY: Begin Economic Growth AAA / 1933Agricultural Adjustment Act • Protected farmers from price dropsandover production.. • US Govt. Paid farmers (subsidies) • not to grow wheat, cotton, corn, hogs, rice, tobacco, dairy products • AAA told farmers how much they should produce

17. Yay! Boo! Favored large landowners Tenants & sharecroppers kicked off land S. Court finds AAA unconstitutional in 1936 Modified in 1936 and 1938 • Rise in prices after 1933 • 1933: $2 billion • 1935: $5 billion Mixed Results

18. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES RECOVERY: Begin Economic Growth NIRA / 1933National Industrial Recovery Act • Created NRA to enforce codes of fair competition, minimum wages, and to permit collective bargaining of workers.

19. Companies would cooperate • Set limits on production • Prices • Codes of fair competition • In exchange, labor would get concessions • Max hours • Minimum wages • Collective bargaining NRA: The Ideal

20. NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT

22. Codes poorly written • Huge bureaucracy • Large producers dominated code-writing process • No enforcement mechanism to enforce Section 7(A) • Production actually decreased • 1935: Supreme Court declares it unconstitutional NRA: The Reality

23. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES RECOVERY: Begin Economic Growth • TVA / 1933Tennessee Valley Authority • Federal government built a series of dams to prevent flooding and sold electricity. • First public competition with private power industries.

27. TVA MAP TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY

29. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES RELIEF: Ease Suffering of the Needy FERA / 1933Federal Emergency Relief Act Distributed $500 million of direct aid to unemployed workers such as food, clothing and grants of money to cities.

30. Repaired bridges, built highways, constructed public buildings • W/I 30 days: 2.6 million men and women employed • 1934: 4 million Civil Works Administration (CWA): 1933-34

31. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES RELIEF: Ease Suffering of the Needy • CCC / 1933 to 1942 • Civilian Conservation Corps • Sent 3 million young men to work camps to build bridges, replant forests and other conservation tasks. • Develop job skills and improve environment. • Removed surplus of workers from cities, provided healthy conditions for boys, provided money for families.

32. Civilian Conservation Corps

36. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES RELIEF: Ease Suffering of the Needy HOLC / 1933 Home Owners Loan Corporation Prevented mortgage foreclosures. US Govt. bought up mortgages and refinanced them so that homeowners could pay their mortgages.

37. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES REFORM: Prevent Another Depression SEC / 1933 Securities and Exchange Commission Regulated stock market and restricted margin buying, and frauds.

38. LEGACY OF NEW DEAL Criticisms of New Deal • US government and President too powerful • Violated laissez faire • Supreme Court declared NIRA and AAA unconstitutional • Critics: • American Liberty League • Father Charles Coughlin • Dr. Francis Townsend • Huey Long • Deficit spending: Govt. spends $$$ to stimulate the economy and help people even if it means US Govt. goes into debt. • Welfare state----Created a population of Americans who relied on the US Govt. to live 100 days

39. LibertyLeague • FDR had gone TOO FAR with the New Deal. • Interfering with business and peoples lives. • Government was taking away freedoms from Americans.

40. SOCIALISM • Economic system based on cooperation rather than competition • Believes in government ownership of business and capital • Government controls production and distribution of goods. • Opposite of laissez faire and capitalism

42. FATHER CHARLES COUGHLIN • A Roman Catholic priest. • Radio Priest in Detroit Michigan. • Criticized FDR in weekly radio program. • 10 million listeners. • Criticized FDR’s farm program • Believed an international conspiracy of bankersexisted and FDR was influenced by them. • He called for the nationalization of banks and utilities.(US Govt. controls banks, Socialism) • Fascist; Anti-Semitic overtones.

43. DR. FRANCIS TOWNSEND • He wanted the government to help older citizens. • Retired California Physician. • Suggested a$200 per month pensionfor people over 60. • Open jobs for the younger unemployed. • Spending all $200 would also be required to boost economic demand. • Townsend Clubs created all over the nation. • Influenced FDR’s creation of Social Security

44. Senator HueyLong • FDR was NOT doing enough for the poor. • Long pushed his “ShareOur Wealth” program. • Take all income over $1,000,000 to give: • House • Car • Annual Salary • For all Americans

45. The Second New Deal & the Redefining of Liberalism 1935-38

46. Emphasis on • Social justice • Social safety net • Use the power of the govt to guarantee economic security and welfare of old, disabled and unemployed • Welfare state Second New Deal

47. alphabet NEW DEAL: ALPHABET AGENCIES REFORM: Prevent Another Depression Wagner Act / 1935 National Labor Relations Act Reaffirmed labor's right to unionize, prohibited unfair labor practices, and created the National Labor Relations Board.

48. 1934: NIRA influence • Industrial Unionism; anti-AFL • All workers in one industry should be in 1 union, regardless of skill • John Lewis: walks out of AFL • 1936: Congress of Industrial Organizations • Women, blacks • Textiles, laundries, tobacco Labor Militancy

49. Sit Down Strikes • Dec. 1936 • GM Detroit plants • By Feb 1937: 17 GM plants • Female supporters sent food/clothing • Ignored police and court injunctions • Governor and federal govt refused to intervene • GM relents; recognizes UAW