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2. Dolphins & Whales By Ngaire Somerville

3. Whales lives are being threatened Every year at April a Japanese fleet of ships come into ports with hundreds of whale carcasses ready to go to the supermarkets for human consumption. This Has happened every year for the last 15 years. These whales are protected species. The population of these whales has gone down considerably.

4. Why do they do it to us? • They do this whaling only for money. They don’t care about the scientific research. Each year they make US$10 million. • The International Whaling Commission have tried and tried to get Japan to stop whaling but it hasn’t work and Japan’s whaling has increased since.

5. What parts of us get eaten? • There are many things that people can take from whales to sell and make money out of, such as whale meat, whale oil, whalebone, and ambergris (grey waxlike substance found in tropical seas and intestines of sperm whale. It’s used for perfumery). • Being able to use and sell so much of the whale is what made the whaling industry grow.

6. How do they get away with it? • Japan can get away with whaling because they say they are doing scientific research. They say that whales may be declining in numbers because of the change of climate and pollution. • From there research Japan has found out that the minke schools have the highest number ever and that they could hunt four times more whales. • The IWC have also found out that the once estimate of 760,000 minke whales is no longer so and the current population could be less than half.

7. Cetaceans • Cetaceans are the mammals that live their whole life in the sea. They are the only mammal that lives their entire lives in the sea. • Whales, dolphins and porpoises are all cetaceans. • There are 75 different species of cetaceans. • Cetaceans are not fish. They do not have gills. They breathe air through blow holes which are on top of their head. The air goes into their lungs just like humans and other mammals.

8. Whales There are three different kinds of whales. • Archaeoceti: these are already extinct. • Mysticeti: which are baleen (have no teeth). Some Mysticeti whales are the gray, right, rorqual, humpback and blue whales. • Odonteceti: these whales have teeth. Some Odonteceti whales are the sperm, bottle-nosed, beaked, killer, beluga, and pilot whales.

9. Baleen Whales • Instead of teeth baleen whales have a whalebone or a baleens, which is a dense fringe of blade-shaped, plates that hangs down from the roof of their mouth.Baleen whales eat plankton (organic life the human eye cannot see), small crustaceans and other tiny sea life. • They eat by swimming with their mouth open or by gulping a whole heap of water. The baleen stops anything going down their rather small throat that shouldn’t ought to. • They have 2 blowholes.

10. Toothed Whales • The toothed whales have teeth that can slice through meat and a throat large enough to swallow large chunks of all different kinds of fish. • They have only 1 blowhole.

11. Whales big and small • Some whales can be bigger than the largest dinosaurs. The biggest whale is the blue whale. It can grow up to 33.6m long (which is the height of a 9-story building) and weigh more than 163,000kg. • Blue whales are baleen, they eat 4 tons of krill everyday. • Blue whales have no predator except humans. • The smallest whale is the dwarf sperm whale. It grows to 2.6m long.

12. Migration • Every year many cetaceans, mostly baleen whale, travel long distances. They normally go in pods from cold feeding waters to warm breeding waters. • The longest migration of any whale is the Gray whale. They travel for about 12,500 miles every year.

13. Social Behaviour • Cetaceans have very strong social ties. The strongest is between the mother and the calf. • The social group is called a pod. • Baleen whales travel alone or in small pods but toothed whales travel in big pods. • The toothed whales hunt their pray in groups, travel together and help look after the calf’s.

14. Swimming • Whales are streamlined and most their hair falls out when they are adults because it would slow them down. • The fastest whales are the Killer whale and the Shortfin Pilot. They can swim with speeds up to 30mph. • To swim whales move their tale up and down. Fish move their tails left and right to swim.

15. Killer Whales • Killer Whales are social and live in groups of a few to about 50. • They eat fish, cephalopods, penguins, and marine mammals such as seals, dolphins, and whales. They are made perfectly for hunting because of their build, teeth, and strong jaw muscles and its behaviour when hunting in packs. • They have been put in captivity and trained to do shows at the oceanaria. • There is no record of a killer whale ever attacking and killing a human.

16. Whale Sounds • Whales make two kinds of underwater sounds. The low-pitched signal such as barks, whistles, screams and moans which humans can hear are used for social communication. • The clicks of high-intensity sound which humans are unable to hear are used for navigation and food sources.

17. Where do Whales live? • Whales use all the available aquatic habitats. Such as the oceans and the seas connected with them, as well as estuaries and rivers. • They mostly live in the Antarctic Ocean because it has a lot of plankton and other marine life.

18. In the late 20th century the IWC was trying to save the whales. It tried to limit the sizes, kind, location and seasons of catches. In 1986 IWC tried to band commercial whaling. But this only had a little success. • In 1994 the IWC permanently band whaling in the waters of Antarctica. Saving Whales

19. Dolphins • They are small, streamlined whales. They have a well-defined beaklike snout. Dolphins are recognised for their grace, intelligence, playfulness and friendliness to humans. The most well known species are the bottle-nosed dolphins. They live in warm seas. • There are about 32 species of dolphins throughout the world’s oceans. Most are grey, blackish, or brown above and lighter below and most are about 1-4 metres long. • The biggest dolphin is the Grampus. The males get to 9.5m long and weighs about 5000kg. The female is usually much smaller.

20. Playful Dolphins • Dolphins are social. They live in groups of a few to several hundred. Some species are attracted to moving ships and swim and leap along side them. The bottlenose dolphin has become a famous performer in the oceanaria. • It is used in scientific research. They are interested in it’s intelligence, and it’s ability to communicate with a range of sounds.

21. The Platanistidae • The platanistidae are the river dolphins. They are small mainly fresh water dolphins found in South America and Asia. They have long slender beaks and bad eye sight. • The Stenidae also known as long-snouted dolphins have 8 species but very little is known about them. They live in tropical rivers and oceans.

22. Dolphin and Porpoise hunting • Dolphin and Porpoise hunting was done before whale hunting. People around the Mediterranean ate dolphins in the ancient times. They continued to eat dolphin until it was banned with the hope to keep the dolphins alive for biologic research. • Dolphins are still hunted in large numbers by tropical islanders. People hunt freshwater dolphins in many of the world’s famous rivers.

24. Presented by Ngaire Somerville