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The First Use of Divinyl Ether in Humans

The First Use of Divinyl Ether in Humans. BT Finucane MB FRCPC Professor Emeritus Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Alberta. Horace Wells (1815-1848). The First Operation with Ether.

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The First Use of Divinyl Ether in Humans

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  1. The First Use of Divinyl Ether in Humans BT Finucane MB FRCPC Professor Emeritus Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Alberta

  2. Horace Wells (1815-1848)

  3. The First Operation with Ether (Painting by Robert C Hinckley.Oil on Canvas 8’ x 10’. Boston Medical Library 1893

  4. James Young Simpson-Chloroform

  5. Ethyl Chloride

  6. Ethylene

  7. The Evolution of Inhalation Anesthesia Chloroform CHCl3 Di-Ethyl Ether C2H5-O-C2H5 Nitrous Oxide N20 Ethyl Chloride C2H5Cl Di-Vinyl Ether C2H4-O-C2H4 Ethylene C2H4 Trichlorethylene CCl2CHCl Ethyl-n-Propyl Ether Cyclopropane C3H6 Xenon Xe Ethyl-Methyl Ether C2H5-O-CH3 Halothane CF3CHClBr Methoxyflurane CHCl2CF2-O-CH3 Enflurane CHFClCF2-O-CH3 Isoflurane CF3CHCl-O-CHF2 Desflurane CF3CHF-O-CHF2 Sevoflurane C3HF6-O-CH2F

  8. Chauncey D. LeakePharmacologist

  9. Pharmacological Manipulation CH2 =CH2 Ethylene Diethyl Ether CH3 –CH2 –O – CH2 –CH3 Divinyl Ether CH2 =CH–O – CH=CH2 Leake CD and Chen MY Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 1930 ; 28: 151

  10. “ Further study of this interesting series of agents is justified and cordially invited.” Leake CD and Chen MY Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 1930 ; 28: 151

  11. Physicochemical Properties of Inhalation Anesthetics PropertyDiethyl Ether Divinyl Ether Halothane Desflurane Boiling point 34 28 50 24 Vapour pressure 442 553 241 669 at 20ºC (mmHg) Molecular 74 70 198 168 weight Blood/Gas solubility 12.1 2.8 2.4 1.3 coefficient

  12. From Leake’s essay in The History of Surgical Anesthesia by Thomas E Keys

  13. “ On the basis of the experiments performed by Leake and his associates and our tests of the anesthetic in the human, we feel that divinyl oxide is worthy of clinical trial and evaluation.” - Gelfan and Bell J Pharmacol Exp Therap 1933 ; 47: 1

  14. Divinyl Ether • Merck and Co – Vinethine 1935 • Rapid induction and recovery • Very volatile • Low incidence of Nausea & Vomiting • Very useful for short procedures • Expensive- 60 cents for 25 ml in 1935 • 25 ml of Sevoflurane costs $30 in 2008

  15. 1930s Advertisements

  16. Connection between Gelfan and Leake

  17. Dr.Irving Bell

  18. Commemoration

  19. Acknowledgements • Dr.Roy Humble (Retired Anesthetist at U of A) • The Board and Staff of the WLM • Archives, Merck & Co., Inc.

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