1 / 27

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Growth Control. Growth Inhibition Sterilization Bacteriostatic Bactericidal Disinfectants. Heat . Sterilization Decimal Reduction Time Spores Denaturation. Sterilization. Autoclave 121 C, 15 lb, 15 min Moist heat Dry Heat Higher temperatures 160 C, 2 hrs. Pasteurization.

hansel
Download Presentation

Microbial Growth Control

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Microbial Growth Control • Growth Inhibition • Sterilization • Bacteriostatic • Bactericidal • Disinfectants

  2. Heat • Sterilization • Decimal Reduction Time • Spores • Denaturation

  3. Sterilization • Autoclave • 121 C, 15 lb, 15 min • Moist heat • Dry Heat • Higher temperatures • 160 C, 2 hrs

  4. Pasteurization Flash Pasteurization 71 C, 15 seconds Bulk Pasteurization 63-66 C, 30 min

  5. Cold SterilizationRadiation • Gamma radiation • UV light, X-rays

  6. Filter Sterilization Filter Sterilization Depth Filters HEPA 99.9% of 0.3 μm Membrane (Millipore) Filters Nucleopore Filters

  7. Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization Sterilants Packaged plastics

  8. Antimicrobial Agents • Bactericidal • Fungicidal • Viricidal • Selective Toxicity

  9. Measuring Activity • Minimum inhibitory Concentration • Tube Dilution • Agar (Disk) Diffusion

  10. Antiseptic Disinfectant Sanitizers Organic Material neutralizes Chemotherapeutic Agents

  11. Paul Ehrlich • Chemist in Koch’s Lab • Staining • “Magic Bullet” • Agent 606 • Salvarsan

  12. Target Sites for Antibiotics

  13. Growth Factor Analogs: - Sulfanilamide – Folic Acid Synthesis - Sulfa Drugs Quinolones – DNA Gyrase Isoniazid

  14. Worldwide Production of Antibiotics • Antibiotics • Produced by Microorganisms • Narrow vs. Broad Spectrum • 500 metric tons/yr • Natural vs. • Semisynthetic

  15.  Lactam Antibiotics •  Lactam Ring • Penicillin G • Semisynthetic Penicillin • Ampicillin • Methicillin • Cephalosporin

  16. Aminoglycosides • Protein Synthesis Inhibitors • Gram Negative Bacteria • Streptomycin – TB • Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Neomycin

  17. Other Antibiotics • Macrolides – Erythromycin • 11% worldwide • Legionellosis • Tetracyclines • First Broad spectrum

  18. Other Antibiotics contd Daptomycin Cytoplasmic membranes Platensimycin Fatty acid synthesis

  19. Antiviral Drugs • Nucleos(t)ide Analogs • Protease inhibitors • Poor Selective Toxicity??? • Interferon Rhinovirus

  20. Influenza Antiviral agents • Amantidine • Viral uncoating • Osetltamvir • Tamiflu • Zanamivir • Relenza • Neuraminidase

  21. Antibiotic Resistance Chromosomal Resistance R Plasmids Conjugative Drug Misuse 20% justified, 80% given, 50% not correctly used

  22. Search for New Antibiotics New Analogs tetracylcines, penicillins Combinational Chemistry Computer Design Saquinavir Natural Products Platensimycin Drug Combinations Bacteriophage

  23. Growth Control Word List Growth Inhibition Sterilization Bacteriostatic Bactericidal Disinfection Heat Sterilization Decimal Reduction Time Spores Autoclave 121 C, 15 lb, 15 Minutes Pasteurization 63-66 C for 30 Minutes 71 C for 15 Seconds Radiation Filter Sterilization Depth Filters Membrane (Millipore) Filters Nucleopore Filter

  24. Growth Control Word List 2 Antimicrobial Agent Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Viricidal Selective Toxicity Minimum Inhibitory Conc. Tube Dilution Agar Diffusion Method Growth Factor Analogs Sulfa Drugs Sulfanilamide Folic Acid Synthesis Quinolones Antibiotics Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Antiseptic Disinfectant Chemotherapeutic Agents Paul Ehrlich – Magic Bullet Agent 606 - Salvarsan

  25. Growth Control Word List 3 Macrolides Erythromycin Tetracyclines Antiviral Agents Interferons Nucleos(t)ide analogs β – Lactam Ring Penicillins Cephalosporins Aminoglycosides Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin Protease Inhibitors Fungal Control Drug Resistance Conjugative R Plasmids Drug Misuse

  26. Growth Control Word List 4 Search for New Drugs New Analogs Designer Drugs

More Related