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Post Classical Civilizations:. The Caliphates. The Caliphates. Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 Founded by Mu’awiyah Battle of Tours Built powerful state Sunni/Shiite split. The Caliphates. Abbasid Dynasty Founded by Harun al-Rashid Equality among all Muslims Urban civilization
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Post Classical Civilizations: The Caliphates
The Caliphates • Umayyad Dynasty • 661-750 • Founded by Mu’awiyah • Battle of Tours • Built powerful state • Sunni/Shiite split
The Caliphates • Abbasid Dynasty • Founded by Harun al-Rashid • Equality among all Muslims • Urban civilization • Baghdad- captured by Seljuk Turks in the 11th century.
Golden Age of Muslim Culture • In 1095, Muslims began fighting a war with Christians over control of the Holy Land, known as the Crusades.
Arab Cultural Achievements • Mathematics—geometry, algebra, numbers • Arts and Crafts—geometric designs, flowers, and stars. • Medicine— IbnSina discovered that blood moves to and from the heart.
Arab Cultural Achievements • Literature- IbnRushd, House of Wisdom (library) • Architecture—Muslim rulers built beautiful palaces and mosques
The ottomans • 1453, captured Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul • Empire was located between Europe and Asia • Suleiman the Magnificent ruled the Ottoman Empire during its height
The ottomans • Sultan (ruler) governed as an absolute ruler • Army was made up of Janissaries- soldiers recruited at childhood
The safavids • Islamic empire in Persia • Opposed to Ottomans • Shi’ite Muslims • Ruler was known as a shahs • Known for beautiful palace carpets
The Mughals • Empire founded by Babur • Used guns to control their empire (Gunpowder Empire) • Akbar the Great- most famous ruler • Promoted religious tolerance • Encouraged learning, painting, music, and literature • ShaJahan- built the TajMahal
sikhism • Religion that combines elements of Hinduism and Islam • Belief in 1 god • God can be known through meditation • Equality before god • Eat little, sleep little, talk little