Queen Anne’s Lace

1. Queen Anne’s Lace Presented by: Ean Garvin Jennifer Pool Christin Townsend

2. Queen Anne’s Lace Presented by: Ean Garvin Jennifer Pool Christin Townsend

3. Basic Facts • Scientific name is Daucus carota • Member of the Apiaceae (parsley) family • Ancestor of the domestic carrot • Also called Wild Carrot

4. Feathery, distinct leaves Stems grow 2-4 feet tall Umbrella like flower composed of multiple smaller flowers in a lace pattern A dark purplish-black floret is at the center of the flower The root is thick and resembles a carrot Botanical Characteristics

5. Botanical Characteristics • Feathery, distinct leaves • Stems grow 2-4 feet tall

6. Botanical Characteristics • A sterile, dark purplish-black floret is at the center of the flower

7. Regions of Growth • Native to Europe • Now dominant in North America • Growth: • Fields • Meadows • Waste Areas • Disturbed habitats • Along roadsides • On fence lines

8. Botanical Characteristics • Seeds are produced in the head of the flower in fall

9. Botanical Characteristics • The root is thick and resembles a carrot

12. How it gets its name • Named after Queen Ann of Denmark (1574-1619) • She pricked her finger with a needle while working on lace and a single drop of blood fell into the lace---dark purple floret in the center of the flower • Also known as Mother Die---if you brought it into your house, according to superstition, your mother would die

13. Traditional uses • Used as a “morning after” contraceptive since 5th or 4th century B.C., appeared in a work written by Hippocrates • Used to treat hangovers • Cure epileptic seizures---eating dark colored flowers of the plant • Dioscorides---seeds give relief of urinary retention and stimulate menstruation • Native Americans---used as diuretic and to expel intestinal parasites

14. Medicinal uses • Roots---stimulates flow of urine and removal of wastes by the kidneys, treats gout and kidney stone formation • Tea from root or leaves used to expel intestinal worms • Essential oils from seeds are used in anti-wrinkle creams • Decoction of seeds and roots are used as an herbicide and insecticide • Seeds used to relieve colic and flatulence • Anticancer activity • Essential oils in seeds used as a contraceptive

15. Mode of Action • Falcarinol---reduces the risk of cancer by slowing the growth of cancer cells • Essential oils (terpenoids) in seed prevents the implantation of the egg in uterine wall---blocks progesterone synthesis makes uterus unable to receive egg • Will cause an implanted fertilized egg to be released • Root---potassium salts account for diuretic action that increases the output of kidneys • Vitamin A---promotes better eyesight especially during night • Vitamin C---antioxidant that prevents buildup of LDL cholesterol in arteries

16. Metsulfuron methyl inhibits amino acid production by inhibiting acetolactate synthase. This prevents cell division, resulting in a rapid cessation of growth. This herbicide is quickly absorbed through the leaves, and translocation is systemic. Root uptake also occurs. Preemergence treatments control or suppress weeds through root uptake, while postemergence works through both root and foliar absorbance. Chemical Name and Formulations : Chemical name: methyl 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate B. Metsulfuron Methyl - Mode of Action - Queen Anne’s Lace

17. Hexazinone appears to be a photosynthetic inhibitor. It is readily absorbed through foliage and roots, and translocation is primarily upward through the xylem. Its contact activity can be enhanced by addition of a nonionic surfactant. Chemical Name and Formulations : 3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3,H)-dione B. Hexazinone - Mode of Action - Queen Anne’s Lace

18. Recent Studies • In 2003 Momin conducted a Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes inhibitory assay directed investigation of Daucus carota seed extracts. • His studies resulted in the isolation and characterization of compounds, 2,4,5 trimethoxybenzaldehyde, oleic acid, trans-asarone, and geraniol. • All compounds showed COX-I and COX-II inhibitory activity. • Compound 1 showed selectivity toward COX-II enzyme inhibition at 100 microg mL. Its COX-II/COX-I ratio was 17.68.

19. Recent Studies • Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Aspirin, Celebrex and Vioxx gave COX-II/COX-I ratios of 1.13, 0.92, 0.24, 16, and 75, respectively. • The inhibition of COX-II enzymes by compounds 1 at 100 microg mL was significant when compared to Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Celebrex at the concentrations studied.

20. Recent Studies • In 1977, Tisserat observed a factor that represses asexual embryogenesis in the Rutaceae. Queen Anne’s Lace callus were employed to examine effects of known plant growth regulators and to determine possible identity of one or more of them with the repressive factor. • In 1996, David Westmoreland studied the effect of the dark central florets of Queen Anne’s Lace on insect visitation and fruit production in five locations in the eastern United States. • In 2002 Cho and Han studied the peroxynitrite scavenging activity of herb extracts, including Queen Anne’s Lace. Peroxynitrate is a cytotoxicant with strong oxidizing properties toward various cellular constituents such as amino acids and nucleotides and can cause cell death, carcinogenesis and aging. The aim of their study was to characterize peroxynitrite scavenging constituents from herbs. This study can lead to development of an effective peroxynitrite scavenger for the prevention of peroxynitrite involved diseases.

21. In 2003, Nicolle & Cardinault investigated the effect of carrot intake on cholesterol metabolism and on antioxidant status in cholesterol-fed rats. Result: A significant decrease of cholesterol level in liver as well as a reduction of the level of liver triglycerides. Daucus carota L. also improved the antioxidant status. It significantly decreased the urinary excretion of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the TBARS levels in heart. It increases vitamin E plasmatic level and provided many carotenoid antioxidants. Recent Studies

22. The End QUESTIONS?