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World War II

World War II. America Returns to Isolationism & Rise of Fascists/Dictatorships. 1921 – Washington Naval Conference. Hosted by Pres. Harding Leading nations agreed to limit the size of their navies. 1928 - Kellog -Briand Pact. Signed by 62 nations Renounced use of war. 1930’s.

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. America Returns to Isolationism & Rise of Fascists/Dictatorships

  3. 1921 – Washington Naval Conference • Hosted by Pres. Harding • Leading nations agreed to limit the size of their navies

  4. 1928 - Kellog-Briand Pact • Signed by 62 nations • Renounced use of war

  5. 1930’s • “Good Neighbor Policy” • Followed by Hoover and FDR • We would not interfere in Latin American affairs • Economic Depression • Hurts European economies WORSE than U.S. (Why?)

  6. Rise of Fascists/Dictatorships

  7. Italy • 1922 - The king of Italy let Benito Mussolini lead the government. • Mussolini used thugs to threaten his political opponents. • He abolished democracy. • 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia.

  8. Germany • Nazism = German fascism. • 1933 – Adolf Hitler became Germany’s leader. • 1936 – Hitler formed an alliance with Mussolini and Japan.

  9. Spain • 1936 – General Francisco Franco led a revolution. • Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin sent aid. • 1939 – Franco became the Fascist dictator.

  10. Russia • 1917 – Russian Revolution • Russia became Communist = Soviet Union • 1920s – Stalin became Totalitarian ruler

  11. 1935-37 – Neutrality Acts • Prohibited Americans from selling arms to countries at war • Could only sell non-military items on a “cash-and-carry” basis

  12. 1937 – FDR’s Quarantine Speech • Japan invaded China (full-scale invasion). • FDR warned Americans we had to act together to isolate aggressive nations

  13. Timeline of WWII Events

  14. Allies • Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill • France – Charles de Gaulle • USSR – Joseph Stalin • U.S. – Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman

  15. Axis • Germany – Adolf Hitler • Italy – Benito Mussolini • Japan – Emperor Hirohito and Prime Minister Hideki Tojo

  16. 1938 – Munich Conference • British & French leaders agreed to give Hitler Sudetenland (part of Czech) = APPEASEMENT

  17. May 1939 – Pact of Steel • Alliance formed by Hitler and Mussolini

  18. August, 1939 – Nonaggression Pact • Signed by Hitler and Stalin

  19. September, 1939 – WWII Started • Germany invaded Poland. • Britain and France declare war. • Germany defeated Poland in a 4 week blitzkrieg (lightning war) • Used the Luftwaffe and panzers

  20. April 1940 • Germany invaded Denmark and Norway

  21. May 1940 • Germany defeated Holland, Luxembourg, and Belgium (in two weeks). • Allies were pushed to the coast of Dunkirk (France)

  22. “Miracle of Dunkirk” – 350,000 solders were evacuated across the English Channel

  23. June 1940 • French surrendered when Germany advanced past the Maginot Line (France’s main defense)

  24. Summer 1940 – Battle of Britain • Germany bombed British cities. • The Royal Air Force (RAF) fought off the German Luftwaffe for a year.

  25. Spring 1941 • Hitler sent Gen. Rommel (The “Desert Fox”) to aid Mussolini in North Africa.

  26. January 1941 – FDR’s 4 Freedoms • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of Religion • Freedom from want • Freedom from fear

  27. March 1941 • Lend-Lease Act signed with U.S.

  28. April 1941 • Germany took over Yugoslavia and Greece

  29. June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa • Hitler invaded the USSR • German advances were stopped in December when temperatures fell to -40 degrees F

  30. August 1941 – Atlantic Charter • FDR & Churchill met • Laid foundation for the U.N.

  31. Dec. 7, 1941 - Pearl Harbor • Japan attacked the U.S. naval base in Hawaii • Japan also attacked Guam, Wake Isl., and Philippines.

  32. March 1942 -Philippines • FDR ordered MacArthur to leave the Philippines • He vowed, “I shall return.”

  33. April1942 –Bataan Death March • Forced march of 70,000 U.S. & Filipino POWs • Over 7,000 died on the march up to the Bataan Peninsula (near Manila)

  34. May 1942 - Battle of the Coral Sea • Fought entirely in the air • Allies saved Australia

  35. June 1942 - Battle of Midway • Tide of war turned against Japan. • Adm. Nimitz led Allies • Japan lost many of their best pilots.

  36. Aug. 1942 - Guadalcanal • Gen. Douglas MacArthur ordered the U.S. to attack the island where the Japanese were building an airbase.

  37. Oct-Nov 1942 – El Alamein, Egypt • Germans tried to take the Suez Canal. • First major British victory against Germany.

  38. Jan. 1943 – Casablanca Conference • Churchill and Roosevelt agreed they would accept only an unconditional surrender.

  39. February 1943 • Germany surrendered at Stalingrad (USSR)

  40. May 1943 • Germans were forced out of Africa by British Gen. Montgomery and American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower.

  41. August 1943 • Allies captured Sicily and drove Mussolini from power.

  42. June 1944 • D-Day • Allies invaded the coast of Normandy. • Largest amphibious invasion in World history.

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