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World War II

World War II. I. Labor empowered A. AFL growth B. CIO struggles C. The Communist Question II. The Second World War A. Background B. Opinions III. The Worker at War A. Government Policy B. Gains C. Problem of Discipline. AFL Growth. AFL regains its momentum

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World War II

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  1. World War II I. Labor empowered A. AFL growth B. CIO struggles C. The Communist Question II. The Second World War A. Background B. Opinions III. The Worker at War A. Government Policy B. Gains C. Problem of Discipline

  2. AFL Growth • AFL regains its momentum • Labor continues expanding, but ends its insurgent phase

  3. CIO Struggles • 1938: ILGWU quits CIO, rejoins AFL two years later • 1940: Lewis endorses Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie • 1941: Lewis cedes presidency of CIO to Philip Murray of the steelworkers • 1942: Lewis pulls UMW out of CIO

  4. The Communist Question • Critics attack CIO for harboring Communists • Lewis attempts to control their influence • Harry Bridges • Intl. Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) • CIO West Coast director Communists released from federal custody, 1943

  5. Ideological Struggle • Fascism is reactionary • Blame unionists, socialists, communists, liberals, & Jews, for military defeat, depression • Use state power to crush dissent, including that of workers

  6. Militarism • 1931— Japan invades Manchuria • 1935—Germany obtains the Saar • 1935— Italy invades Ethiopia • 1936— Germany rearms the Rhineland • 1936— Spanish Civil War • 1937-8—Rape of Nanking • 1938—Annexation of Austria • 1938–Carving Up Czechoslovakia • 1939—Attack Poland • 1940– Conquer Denmark, Norway, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Netherlands • 1941– Invade USSR • 1941– Pearl Harbor Haile Selassie I

  7. Opinions • Antiwar • Some ethnics • Bigots • Pacifists • Communists • Between September 1939 & June 1941 • Prowar • Liberals • Jewish workers • Communists • Before September 1939, after June 1941 CIO West Coast director Harry Bridges CIO founder Sidney Hillman

  8. Government Policy • National Defense Mediation Board– 1940 • National War Labor Board– 1941 • No strike pledge—1941 WWII Poster, 1943

  9. Boom • Ends Depression • New Workers • Women • E. O. 8802 (1941) • Bans bias in public contracting • Fair Employment Practices Commission • Southern blacks • Union growth • Wage growth

  10. Discipline • In 1943, half-million soft-coal miners go out on strike • Prompt Congress to pass the Smith-Connally Act of 1943 • FDR federalizes the mines, but offers concessions to miners Order putting mines under government control, 1943

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