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Louisiana State University Radiation Safety Office

Louisiana State University Radiation Safety Office. Module 1 Radiation Safety At LSU. David Banner. Incredible Hulk Became the incredible hulk after being exposed to gamma radiation. Peter Parker. Spider Man He became the Spider Man after being bitten by a radioactive spider.

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Louisiana State University Radiation Safety Office

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  1. Louisiana State UniversityRadiation Safety Office Module 1 Radiation Safety At LSU

  2. David Banner Incredible Hulk Became the incredible hulk after being exposed to gamma radiation

  3. Peter Parker Spider Man He became the Spider Man after being bitten by a radioactive spider.

  4. The Reality of Radioactivity Chernobyl (for more information click here) Mushroom Cloud

  5. Our Radioactive Environment

  6. Natural Sources • Cosmic • Terrestrial • Internal • Inhaled

  7. Cosmic Radiation • High energy particles and photons from the sun and other sources outside the earth's atmosphere • Our atmosphere provides shielding from cosmic radiation • An increase in altitude results in an increase in exposure Sea Level: 26 mrem/yr Denver, CO: 50 mrem/yr This picture of the Sun was taken on January 24, 1992. The image shows the Sun at x-ray wavelengths. It was recorded by the Soft X-ray Telescope on board the Yohkoh satellite.

  8. Terrestrial RadiationRadiation from radioactive materials occurring naturally in the earth’s crust Highest on eastern slopes of the Rockies Lowest on the Atlantic coast

  9. Inhaled Radiation • Primarily from Radon (222Rn) and its daughters • 222Rn is released from the soil as Radium-226 (226Ra) and then it decays to Radon • Radium is part of the Uranium-238 (238U) decay chain • Levels vary widely from area to area • Average dose is 200 mrem/yr • Dose may be enhanced by poor ventilation or the use of Uranium-containing building materials

  10. Internal RadiationRadiation from radioactive materials incorporated in the human body Carbon-14 (14C) Potassium-40 (40K) Total dose of 39 mrem/yr (due mostly to 40K)

  11. Man-Made Sources • Medical Uses • Consumers Products • Industrial Uses • Nuclear Power Cerenkov Glow : gamma rays through water

  12. Diagnostic X-ray 39 mrem/yr – U.S. average General Radiography Dental Radiography Fluoroscopy CT Radiation Therapy 2.3 mrem/yr – U.S. average External beams Sealed Sources implanted into body Nuclear Medicine 14 mrem/yr – U.S. average Imaging using 131I, 99mTc, 201Tl Therapy using 131I Medical Sources

  13. Industrial Radiography Use of X-rays or sealed gamma-ray sources for imaging of structures and components Level Gauges Use sealed sources to check the level of materials in a tank or vat. Well Logging Use of sealed sources to measure soil porosity, soil density, or underground structure and composition Static Elimination Use of radiation to remove static electricity Industrial Sources

  14. Nuclear Power Components of the Nuclear Power Industry • Uranium Mines- source of natural uranium (26-61 mrem/yr) • Processing- ”purifying” natural uranium into efficient nuclear fuel (1-8 mrem/yr) • Nuclear Power Plants - power production (< 1 mrem/yr) • Waste Storage - spent nuclear fuel storage (< 1 mrem/yr) • Transportation - to and from power plants (20 mrem/yr) (Doses are calculated for maximally exposed member of the general public)

  15. Smoke Detectors (241Am) Tobacco Products (210Pb & 210Po) Building Materials (Sheetrock; gypsum board) Airport Baggage Inspection (x-rays) Welding Rods (Thorium) Luminous Paints (3H, 226Ra, 147Pm) Television (Low energy x-rays) Radium Hot Springs (226Ra, 222Rn) Consumer Products

  16. Contributions to the Public Dose* from NCRP 160, 2006

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