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IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURE IN ASIA

IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURE IN ASIA. Dr Madhoolika Agrawal Professor, Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221 005 India. MEASURE OF EFFECTS HOW THEY INTERRELATE?. BIOMASS GROWTH. INJURY SYMPTOMS. YIELD.

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IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURE IN ASIA

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  1. IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURE IN ASIA Dr Madhoolika Agrawal Professor, Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221 005 India

  2. MEASURE OF EFFECTS HOW THEY INTERRELATE? BIOMASS GROWTH INJURY SYMPTOMS YIELD Fruit set Weight Number Quality Height Weight Area Number Volume PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE CHANGES IN METABOLIC CONSTITUENTS EXUDATES Stem Leaf Root ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC COMPOUNDS GERMINATION AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS ON PLANTS CONCEPTUAL INTERRELATIONSHIP

  3. INDIRECT APPROACH INDIRECT APPROACH CHEMICAL PROTECTANTS AMBIENT EXPOSURE AIR EXCLUSION POLLUTION LOSS ESTIMATE DEFINE OBJECTIVE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN EXPOSURE FACILITY OPEN TOP CHAMBER ARTIFICIAL EXPOSURE SIMULATED AMBIENT EXPOSURES CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT CHAMBER GROWTH MODEL APPROACH DIRECT APPROACH CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH APPROACHES TO POLLUTION LOSS ASSESSMENT

  4. Ambient air pollution effects on crops in selected countries of Asia

  5. Ambient air pollution effects on selected crops of Pakistan (Wahid, 2003)

  6. OBJECTIVES • To monitor the spatial and temporal pattern of gaseous air pollutants • To assess the physiological and growth responses of selected crop plants to air pollution load • To estimate the crop loss due to air pollution • To study the role of ethylene diurea (EDU) in assessing ozone injury • To use a bioindicator plant (Tobacco Bel W3) for assessing ozone injury

  7. Photosynthesis rate (µ mol CO2m-1s-1) in selected plants grown at different sites in and around Varanasi (Mean ± 1SE)

  8. Yield (g plant-1) in selected plants grown at different sites in and around Varanasi(Mean ± 1SE)

  9. Energy (k cal g-1) and protein (mg g-1 dw) contents in seeds of selected plants grown at different sites in and around Varanasi

  10. PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC VALUE AND % LOSS IN ECONOMIC VALUE OF YIELD AT DIFFERENT SITES AROUND VARANASI CITY

  11. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS AND REGRESSION EQUATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL POLLUTANTS AND YIELD OF MUNG PLANTS Yield (g plant-1) Mean pollutant concentration (ppb)

  12. OPEN TOP CHAMBER (OTC)

  13. Concentration of pollutants (ppb) in filtered (F) and non filtered (NF) chambers at a rural site during winter

  14. Selected parameters of carrot plants grown in filtered and non- filtered chambers at a rural site

  15. Pollutant concentrations (ppb) and associated leaf injury indices obtained using tobacco Bel W3 plants

  16. ROLE OF ETHYLENE DIUREA IN ASSESSING O3 INJURY • EDU EXPERIMENTS • One set of 10 days old plants were given 600 ml of EDU (+EDU) and another set were given equal amount of water (-EDU) • Treatments were repeated at ten days interval till maturity. N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)ethyl-]-N-phenylurea

  17. Percent increment in yield (g plant-1) of selected crops upon EDU treatment in ambient air

  18. Conclusion • Air pollution negatively affects the yield and quality of crops • Sensitivity of crops differs among species and cultivars • Meteorological conditions during crop growing season affect the degree of negative effects on growth and yield of crops • Ozone poses the greatest threat to agriculture • Plants also differ in their response to different air pollutant combinations

  19. Recommendations • Expand air pollutant monitoring networks into agricultural and forested areas • Need to establish yield response relationships applicable to different environmental conditions • Develop bioindicator protocols for impact evaluation • Explore high and low risk zones of air pollution impact in different regions • Establish realistic air quality guidelines for protecting vegetation including crops

  20. Thanks due to • Professor J.N.B. Bell, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London • Dr Fiona Marshall, Sussex University, Sussex • Dr S.B.Agrawal, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi • Dr Lisa Emberson, Stockholm Environment Institute, York • Our research team : Dr Bhoomika Singh • Dr Madhu Rajput • Ms. Supriya Tiwari • Department for International Development, U.K. for Funds • Banaras Hindu University

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